CHAPTER 3.6 FLASHCARDS
(14 cards)
Where and when do Cyclones occur?
Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal)
May–June & October–November
Where and when do Hurricanes occur?
North Atlantic & Caribbean
June to November
Where and when do Typhoons occur?
Western Pacific (e.g. South China Sea, Japan, Philippines)
July to October
Where and when do Willy Willies occur?
Northern Australia
November to April
Where and when do Depressions and Tropical Storms mostly affect shipping?
North Atlantic and Mid-latitudes –
Year-round, strongest in winter
When and where do Monsoons occur?
Southwest Monsoon – June to September
Northeast Monsoon – October to February
Where and when does sea ice affect shipping in the Northern Hemisphere?
Baltic Sea, Arctic Russia, Alaska, Canada
December to April
Where and when are icebergs a risk?
North Atlantic (Greenland, Newfoundland)
March to July
Where are the Roaring Forties located and what season affects them?
Southern Hemisphere, between 40°–50° South
Year-round, roughest in Southern winter (June–August)
Where does sea fog commonly occur?
Shanghai, San Francisco, English Channel
Variable, often in spring/summer when warm moist air meets cold seas
Where do tides significantly affect operations?
Bay of Fundy (Canada), Southampton (UK)
All year, varies with lunar cycle
What ocean currents affect shipping routes and where?
Gulf Stream – North Atlantic (Eastern US to Europe)
Kuroshio Current – Western Pacific (off Japan)
– Year-round
Why do tides affect merchant shipping?
Tides affect the water depth in ports, making it harder for ships to dock or depart if the water is too shallow. Tidal currents can also impact navigation and fuel use and time in port.
