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ORGANISATIONS Flashcards

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1
Q

List the shipowner organisations

A
  1. INTERCARGO
  2. INTERTANKO
  3. ICS (International Chamber of Shipping)
  4. BIMCO (Baltic and International Maritime Council)
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2
Q

What are the origins of INTERCARGO

A

INTERCARGO was established in 1980 to represent independent dry bulk shipowners. It emerged in response to the increasing need for a dedicated voice for the bulk carrier sector in international forums, especially due to safety concerns following a series of bulk carrier losses.

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3
Q

What are the aims and objectives of INTERCARGO

A

Promote the safe, efficient, and environmentally sound transport of dry bulk cargoes (e.g. coal, grain, iron ore).

Influence international regulation, particularly at the IMO, regarding bulk carrier safety, emissions, crew welfare, and operational standards.

Provide a platform for members to share best practices and technical knowledge.

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4
Q

What is INTERCARGO’s structure and membership?

A

NTERCARGO is governed by a Council, Technical Committee, and a Secretariat based in London.

Full membership is open to dry bulk shipowners and operators, while associate membership is available to companies like classification societies and marine service providers.

Members benefit from industry updates, technical resources, and policy influence.

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5
Q

What are some achievements of INTERCARGO?

A

Advocated for stricter structural safety regulations following bulk carrier incidents.

Played a major role in shaping IMO policies on Ballast Water Management and GHG emissions compliance (EEXI/CII).

Developed benchmarking tools for ship performance and port state control analysis.

Provided leadership on seafarer welfare, especially during COVID-19 crew change crises.

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6
Q

What are the origins of INTERTANKO

A

Founded in 1970, INTERTANKO was created to support independent tanker owners (not owned by oil majors), ensuring their interests were represented in a sector increasingly dominated by oil companies and strict vetting processes.

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7
Q

What are the aims and objectives of INTERTANKO

A

Promote the safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible transport of oil and chemicals by sea.

Represent members at international regulatory bodies, especially the IMO.

Develop industry standards for operations, safety, and environmental compliance.

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8
Q

What is INTERTANKO’s structure and membership?

A

Governed by a Council, Executive Committee, and various working groups (e.g. vetting, safety, environment).

Headquarters in Oslo, with offices in London, Singapore, and Washington, D.C.

Membership includes tanker owners/operators, and associate members include insurers and marine service providers.

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9
Q

What are some achievements of INTERTANKO?

A

Promoted adoption of double-hulled tankers post-Exxon Valdez disaster.

Created vetting and benchmarking tools to help members meet oil company standards.

Influenced IMO policies on GHG emissions, ballast water, and piracy protection.

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10
Q

What are the origins of the International Chamber of Shipping?

A

Founded in 1921, the International Chamber of Shipping was established to represent national shipowners’ associations and to coordinate the global maritime industry’s response to increasing regulation and the need for unified standards.

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11
Q

What is the structure and membership of the International Chamber of Shipping?

A

Represent the global shipping industry at IMO, ILO, and WTO.

Promote free trade, high safety standards, and environmental responsibility.

Facilitate consensus among shipowners on global shipping issues.

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12
Q

What are the aims and objectives of the International Chamber of Shipping?

A

Comprised of national shipowner associations from over 40 countries.

Governed by a Board and committees for regulatory, safety, environmental, and legal matters.

Represents over 80% of the world merchant fleet by tonnage.

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13
Q

What are some achievements of the International Chamber of Shipping?

A

Played a key role in developing the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC 2006).

Led the global effort for seafarer vaccinations and crew change protocols during COVID-19.

Developed the ICS Decarbonisation Roadmap aligned with IMO’s 2050 targets.

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14
Q

What are the origins of BIMCO?

A

Baltic and International Maritime Council:
BIMCO was founded in 1905 in Copenhagen to help shipowners address disputes and create standard contracts for chartering, which were becoming more common due to global trade expansion.

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15
Q

What are the aims and objectives of BIMCO

A

Provide standardised contracts and clauses (e.g. GENCON, SHIPMAN).

Offer legal guidance and regulatory advice to the shipping industry.

Represent members’ interests in areas such as sanctions, compliance, and digitalisation.

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16
Q

What is the structure and membership of BIMCO

A

BIMCO has a Board of Directors, supported by sub-committees on legal, technical, and regulatory matters.

Headquartered in Copenhagen.

Members include shipowners, brokers, charterers, agents, and maritime legal professionals.

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17
Q

What are some achievements of BIMCO

A

Created widely used contracts like GENCON, SHIPMAN, and Bunker Terms 2018.

Provided guidance during COVID-19 for managing crew changes and contractual delays.

Actively involved in IMO discussions on carbon reduction, cybersecurity, and electronic documentation.

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18
Q

List Broker and Agent Organisations

A
  1. ICS (Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers)
  2. FONASBA (Federation of National Shipbrokers and Agents Association)
  3. FIATA (International Federation of Freight Forwarders)
  4. The Baltic Exchange
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19
Q

What are the origins of the ICS

A

Founded in 1911 in London to provide professional qualifications and standards for shipbrokers, agents, and managers. Chartered in 1920, it promotes ethics and knowledge in commercial shipping.

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20
Q

What are the aims and objectives of the ICS

A

Maintain professionalism and competence in shipbroking and chartering.

Provide globally recognised qualifications in shipping.

Promote ethical conduct, knowledge-sharing, and career development.

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21
Q

What is the structure and membership of the ICS

A

Global body with 24 branches worldwide.

Membership includes students, members (MICS), and fellows (FICS).

Governed by a Council and local branches offering training and exams.

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22
Q

What are some of the achievements of ICS

A

Established the benchmark for shipping qualifications.

Developed a comprehensive syllabus covering chartering, ship operations, legal, and port agency.

Strengthened professional standards across emerging maritime markets (e.g., Africa, Asia).

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23
Q

What are the origins of FONASBA

A

Federation of National Shipbrokers and Agents Associations:

Established in 1969 to represent the interests of ship brokers and agents at the international level, particularly in dealing with UN bodies and the maritime supply chain.

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24
Q

What are the aim and objectives of FONASBA

A

Promote professional standards among ship agents and brokers.

Lobby international bodies like IMO, UNCTAD, and WTO.

Develop codes of conduct and education initiatives.

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25
What are the structure and membership of FONASBA
Comprises national shipbroking/agent associations in over 60 countries. Governed by an Executive Committee, with specialised committees on liner, tramp, and education. Recognised by governments and industry as a leading representative voice.
26
What are some achievements of FONASBA
Created the FONASBA Quality Standard, used by many governments and port authorities. Promotes education, certification, and professional conduct. Engaged in international dialogues on customs, e-documents, and logistics facilitation.
27
What are the origins of FIATA
International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations Formed in 1926 in Vienna, FIATA unites and represents freight forwarders and logistics service providers globally. Now based in Geneva, Switzerland.
28
What are the aims and objectives of FIATA
Represent the interests of freight forwarders in multimodal transport, customs, and trade facilitation. Promote uniform documentation and best practices. Provide training, certification, and advocacy at WTO, WCO, and UN levels.
29
What is the membership and structure of FIATA
Includes national forwarder associations, representing over 40,000 companies. Operates via regional and specialist institutes (e.g., Multimodal Transport Institute). Members include firms in freight forwarding, logistics, warehousing, and transport.
30
What are some of FIATA's achievements
Created the FIATA Bill of Lading and other standard freight documents. Promoted digitalisation in freight forwarding. Provides global training programmes through the FIATA Diploma.
31
What are the origins of the Baltic Exchange
Founded in 1744 in London as a market for chartering ships and trading shipping contracts. It is now a key provider of freight market indices (e.g., Baltic Dry Index).
32
What are the aims and objectives of the Baltic Exchange
Provide freight market benchmarks and price transparency. Facilitate chartering, sale & purchase, and derivatives trading. Maintain a global marketplace for shipbrokers, owners, and charterers.
33
What is the structure and membership of The Baltic Exchange
Members include shipbrokers, shipowners, charterers, and trading houses. Operates under Singapore Exchange (SGX) ownership since 2016. Members adhere to a Code of Conduct and are vetted for ethics.
34
What are some achievements of the Baltic Exchange
Created the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), a global benchmark for dry bulk shipping costs. Developed Forward Freight Agreements (FFAs). Provides real-time market data used by shipowners and traders globally.
35
List the United Nation agencies
1. IMO 2. UNCTAD
36
What are the aims and objectives of the IMO
Promote safe, secure, efficient and environmentally sound shipping. Develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping. Prevent marine pollution from ships and improve maritime traffic management.
37
What are the origins of the IMO
International Maritime Organisation: Founded in 1948 through a United Nations convention, the IMO came into existence in 1959 to create a global standard-setting authority for the safety, security, and environmental performance of international shipping.
38
What is the structure and membership of the IMO
Composed of 175 Member States and 3 Associate Members. Main bodies include the Assembly, Council, and five Committees (e.g. MSC, MEPC). Works through technical sub-committees and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with observer status.
39
What are the achievements of the IMO
Developed key international conventions like SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, and ISM Code. Implemented Ballast Water Management and Low Sulphur Fuel (IMO 2020) regulations. Drives global efforts for decarbonising maritime transport through its GHG Strategy.
40
What are the origins of UNCTAD
United Nations Council for Trade and Development: Established in 1964 by the United Nations to integrate developing countries into the world economy through fairer trade, development opportunities, and transport policy support.
41
What are the aims and objectives of the UNCTAD
Promote inclusive and sustainable trade for development. Help developing countries access global markets and improve their transport logistics. Provide research, data, and policy advice on maritime economics, ports, and logistics.
42
What is the structure and membership of the UNCTAD
A permanent intergovernmental body of the UN General Assembly. Over 190 member states, with secretariat based in Geneva. Organised into commissions on trade, investment, transport, and development strategies.
43
What are some achievements of the UNCTAD
Publishes the annual Review of Maritime Transport, a key global reference. Developed the Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI). Supports port reform, customs modernisation, and trade facilitation in emerging economies.
44
List the Chamber of Commerce organisations
1. ICC 2. IMB
45
What are the origins of the ICC
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Founded in 1919 in Paris by business leaders who believed that world peace could be promoted through international trade. The goal was to create a non-governmental organisation that represents business interests globally.
46
What are the aims and objectives of the ICC
Promote open international trade and investment. Set uniform rules and standards (e.g. Incoterms®, UCP for Letters of Credit). Facilitate dispute resolution through arbitration. Influence global policy on trade, banking, transport, and environment.
47
What is the structure and membership of the ICC
Headquartered in Paris, with over 45 million companies in over 100 countries. Organised through National Committees, commissions, and the ICC Court of Arbitration. Membership includes corporations, law firms, banks, trade associations, and chambers of commerce.
48
What are the achievements of the ICC
Created and maintains the Incoterms® rules — standard trade terms used globally in shipping and trade contracts. Established the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600), standardising letters of credit. Operates the International Court of Arbitration, resolving cross-border business disputes. Engages with the UN, WTO, and G20 to advocate for fair, rules-based global commerce.
49
What are the origins of the IMB
International Maritime Bureau (IMB) The IMB was founded in 1981 by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). It was created to combat maritime crime, particularly fraud in shipping and trade, and later expanded to include piracy and armed robbery against ships.
50
What are the aims and objectives of the IMB
Fight maritime fraud, including cargo theft, document forgery, and phantom shipping. Monitor and report incidents of piracy and armed attacks on vessels. Promote secure international trade and maritime operations. Cooperate with governments and law enforcement agencies to share intelligence and take preventive action.
51
What is the structure and membership of the IMB
Operates under the ICC Commercial Crime Services division, based in London. Membership includes shipping companies, banks, freight forwarders, insurance firms, and port authorities. Works closely with INTERPOL, IMO, navies, and regional security centres.
52
What are the achievements of the IMB
Runs the IMB Piracy Reporting Centre (PRC) in Kuala Lumpur, the world’s only 24-hour piracy monitoring centre. Publishes quarterly and annual Piracy and Armed Robbery Reports to raise awareness and track global trends. Exposed numerous shipping fraud schemes, reducing financial loss in trade. Helped drive the creation of coordinated naval patrols in piracy-prone areas, especially off Somalia and the Gulf of Guinea.
53
List the Insurance organisations
Corporation of Lloyd's
54
What are the origins of the Corporation of Lloyds
(commonly known as Lloyd’s of London) Lloyd’s originated in the late 17th century (around 1688) in Edward Lloyd’s coffee house in London, where merchants and shipowners met to arrange marine insurance. It became a formal corporation through an Act of Parliament in 1871.
55
What are the aims and objectives of the Corporation of Lloyds
Acts as a marketplace for insurance, especially marine, aviation, and specialty risks. Facilitates underwriting by bringing together brokers and syndicates of insurers. Promotes innovation, trust, and transparency in global insurance.
56
What is the structure and membership of the Corporations of Lloyd's
Lloyd’s is not an insurance company but a marketplace. Comprises underwriting syndicates, managed by managing agents, and Lloyd’s brokers. Governed by the Council of Lloyd’s, which includes working members, external members, and nominated members. Members (investors) provide the capital backing for insurance policies.
57
What are the achievements of the Corporation of Lloyd's
Established many of the modern marine insurance practices. Provides critical insurance cover for ships, cargoes, and offshore structures. Operates a worldwide claims and information network, including the Lloyd’s List and the Lloyd’s Agency Network (used in maritime emergencies and casualty reporting).
58
What are the Classification Sociaties organisations
IACSA
59
What are the origins of IACSA
IACS was established in 1968 to unify and coordinate the work of the major classification societies, which set technical standards for ships. It was officially granted consultative status with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1969.
60
What is the aim and objectives of IACSA
Promote safety at sea, environmental protection, and regulatory compliance through classification. Harmonise rules and technical standards used by classification societies. Support the IMO by contributing to the development and application of maritime regulations.
61
What is the structure and membership of IACSA
Consists of 11 full members, including major societies like Lloyd’s Register, DNV, ABS, and Bureau Veritas. Structured around a Council, General Policy Group, and technical panels. Members are responsible for certifying ships based on structural integrity, machinery, and safety.
62
What are the achievements of IACSA
Developed the Common Structural Rules (CSR) for bulk carriers and tankers. Provides technical expertise to IMO on new conventions and amendments. Ensures that classification societies follow high standards of quality and consistency. Plays a major role in ship safety inspections, compliance, and design approval worldwide.
63
List the Labour Organisations
ITF ISF
64
What are the origins of the ITF
International Transport Workers' Federation Established in 1896, the ITF represents transport workers worldwide, including seafarers, ensuring fair treatment, wages, and working conditions.
65
What is the aim and objectives of the ITF
Protect the rights and welfare of transport workers. Enforce collective bargaining agreements. Campaign against flags of convenience and unfair labour practices.
66
What is the structure and membership of the ITF
Comprises 700+ unions in over 150 countries, representing 20 million workers. Headquartered in London, with regional offices and sector-specific divisions (e.g., seafarers, road, rail). Works with IMO, ILO, and national governments.
67
What are some of the achievements of the ITF
Negotiated ITF-Approved CBAs (Collective Bargaining Agreements). Led global action against exploitation and unsafe working conditions. Played a vital role in crew change crisis management during COVID-19.
68
What are origins of the ISF
International Shipping Federation (Now part of ICS) Founded in 1909, ISF represented shipowners on labour and training issues. It was the employer counterpart to ITF, focusing on maritime labour standards. It merged fully with ICS in the 2000s.
69
What are the aims and objectives of the ISF
Represent shipowners in ILO maritime negotiations. Influence seafarer employment law, training, and certification. Promote adoption of STCW and MLC 2006 standards.
70
What is the structure and membership of the ISF
Consisted of national shipowner organisations. Worked in parallel with ICS and closely with ILO and IMO. Focused on maritime human resources and crew training.
71
What are some of the achievements of the ISF
Major contributor to the development of STCW (Seafarers’ Training Convention). Published training and certification guidelines for global use. Promoted mutual recognition of maritime qualifications.

Shipping Business ICS (6 decks)

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