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Semester 2 Microbiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest and most diverse group of species

A

Phylum proteobacteria

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2
Q

largely nonpathogenic, but also include Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus

A

Firmicutes

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3
Q

largely decomposers, but Streptomyces are sources of antibiotics, and Mycobacterium contains causative agent of TB.

A

Actinobacteria

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4
Q

Are firmicutes and actinobacteria gram (+) or gram (-)

A

Gram(+)

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5
Q

What shape are bacillus

A

Rod

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6
Q

Pairs of bacilli =

A

Diplo

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7
Q

Chains of bacilli =

A

strepto

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8
Q

What is the length of bacilli

A

0.5 - 20

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9
Q

What is the shape of cocci

A

Spherical

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10
Q

What are the possible forms of cocci

A

Diplo or strepto

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11
Q

Group of four cells in a square.

A

tetrad

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12
Q

Group of eight cells in a cube

A

Sarcina

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13
Q

Irregular cluster of cells

A

Staphylo

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14
Q

What is the diameter of cocci

A

0.5 - 1.0

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15
Q

Can spiral shaped bacteria have pairs, chains, or clumps

A

No

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16
Q

Curved cell

A

Vibrio

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17
Q

Helical shape with thick, rigid cell wall

A

Spirillum

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18
Q

Thin, flexible cell wall in spiral

A

Spirochete

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19
Q

What is the length of spiral bacteria

A

Up to 100

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20
Q

What types of bacteria can be diplo or strepto

A

Bacilli and cocci

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21
Q

A particle composed of RNA and protein involved
in manufacturing proteins.

A

Ribosome

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22
Q

The semifluid substance inside the cell in which much of the cell’s
metabolism occurs.

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

The area containing the bacterial chromosome, which contains essential genes
for growth and metabolism.

A

Nucleoid

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24
Q

A closed loop of DNA containing nonessential
genetic information.

A

Plasmid

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25
Q

Protein fibers that rotate and enable the cell to
move through fluids.

A

Flagella

26
Q

A lipid bilayer with proteins controlling the movement of materials into and
out of the cell.

A

Cell membrane

27
Q

A semirigid structure composed of carbohydrate and protein
providing shape and structural support.

A

Cell wall

28
Q

A thick or thin layer of carbohydrate providing protection and helping with cell
adhesion to surfaces.

A

Glycocalyx

29
Q

Thin protein fibers extending from the surface that enable
adhesion to surfaces.

A

Pili

30
Q

Used to transfer gener material between cells

A

Conjugation pili

31
Q

Act as virulence factor in pathogenic bacteria

A

Pili

32
Q

Very long corkscrew appendages extending from the cell surface

A

Prokaryotic flagella

33
Q

Flagella differences are used to classify….

A

Bacterial strains

34
Q

Do most cocci have flagella

A

No

35
Q

Bacterial flagella contain what 3 things

A

Helical filament, hook, and a basal body

36
Q

Counterclockwise =

A

Run

37
Q

Clockwise=

A

Tumble

38
Q

Bacteria exhibit____________ when searching for nutrients

A

Chemotaxis

39
Q

Extend from poles and fold back along body in periplasm

A

Endoflagella in spirochetes

40
Q

sticky layer of polysaccharides secreted externally to the cell wall.

A

Glycocalyx

41
Q

Thick, firmly bound layer

A

Capsule

42
Q

Diffuse, water-soluble layer

A

Slime layer

43
Q

multicellular communities of bacteria embedded in a gelatinous matrix called slime.

A

Biofilms

44
Q

tolerant of antibiotics and antimicrobials

A

Biofilms

45
Q

What causes biofilms to be tolerant of antibiotics and antimicrobials

A

Chemical gradients

46
Q

a complex structure that forms two wrappings around the cell cytoplasm.

A

Cell envelope

47
Q

Outermost wrapping; key feature of most prokaryotic cells.

A

Cell wall

48
Q

Inner wrapping; controls transport of nutrients and metabolic products into and out of the cell.

A

Cell membrane

49
Q

Protects the integrity of the cell

A

Cell envelope

50
Q

Thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing teichoic acid.

A

Gram (+) bacteria

51
Q

Thin peptidoglycan layer and no teichoic acid

A

Gram (-) bacteria

52
Q

The Outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria contains…

A

Porins and lipopolysaccharides

53
Q

separates the outer membrane and the cell membrane

A

periplasmic space

54
Q

represents a subcompartment containing the chromosome

A

nucleoid

55
Q

Usually a closed loop of DNA and protein

A

nucleoid

56
Q

extrachromosomal molecules of DNA much smaller than the chromosome

A

Plasmids

57
Q

Plasmids contain a closed loop of now many genes

A

5-100

58
Q

Replicate independently of the chromosome

A

Plasmids

59
Q

Provide genetic flexibility in populations, such as antibiotic resistance.

A

Plasmids

60
Q

Regulate cell division by recruiting proteins to deposit a cell wall between dividing cells and segregating the chromosome

A

Cytoskeleton

Semester 2 Microbiology (15 decks)

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