Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the largest and most diverse group of species

Answer 1

Phylum proteobacteria

Question 2

largely nonpathogenic, but also include Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus

Answer 2

Firmicutes

Question 3

largely decomposers, but Streptomyces are sources of antibiotics, and Mycobacterium contains causative agent of TB.

Answer 3

Actinobacteria

Question 4

Are firmicutes and actinobacteria gram (+) or gram (-)

Answer 4

Gram(+)

Question 5

What shape are bacillus

Answer 5

Rod

Question 6

Pairs of bacilli =

Answer 6

Diplo

Question 7

Chains of bacilli =

Answer 7

strepto

Question 8

What is the length of bacilli

Answer 8

0.5 - 20

Question 9

What is the shape of cocci

Answer 9

Spherical

Question 10

What are the possible forms of cocci

Answer 10

Diplo or strepto

Question 11

Group of four cells in a square.

Answer 11

tetrad

Question 12

Group of eight cells in a cube

Answer 12

Sarcina

Question 13

Irregular cluster of cells

Answer 13

Staphylo

Question 14

What is the diameter of cocci

Answer 14

0.5 - 1.0

Question 15

Can spiral shaped bacteria have pairs, chains, or clumps

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Curved cell

Answer 16

Vibrio

Question 17

Helical shape with thick, rigid cell wall

Answer 17

Spirillum

Question 18

Thin, flexible cell wall in spiral

Answer 18

Spirochete

Question 19

What is the length of spiral bacteria

Answer 19

Up to 100

Question 20

What types of bacteria can be diplo or strepto

Answer 20

Bacilli and cocci

Question 21

A particle composed of RNA and protein involved
in manufacturing proteins.

Answer 21

Ribosome

Question 22

The semifluid substance inside the cell in which much of the cell’s
metabolism occurs.

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

The area containing the bacterial chromosome, which contains essential genes
for growth and metabolism.

Answer 23

Nucleoid

Question 24

A closed loop of DNA containing nonessential
genetic information.

Answer 24

Plasmid

Question 25

Protein fibers that rotate and enable the cell to move through fluids.

Answer 25

Flagella

Question 26

A lipid bilayer with proteins controlling the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Answer 26

Cell membrane

Question 27

A semirigid structure composed of carbohydrate and protein providing shape and structural support.

Answer 27

Cell wall

Question 28

A thick or thin layer of carbohydrate providing protection and helping with cell adhesion to surfaces.

Answer 28

Glycocalyx

Question 29

Thin protein fibers extending from the surface that enable adhesion to surfaces.

Answer 29

Pili

Question 30

Used to transfer gener material between cells

Answer 30

Conjugation pili

Question 31

Act as virulence factor in pathogenic bacteria

Answer 31

Pili

Question 32

Very long corkscrew appendages extending from the cell surface

Answer 32

Prokaryotic flagella

Question 33

Flagella differences are used to classify....

Answer 33

Bacterial strains

Question 34

Do most cocci have flagella

Answer 34

No

Question 35

Bacterial flagella contain what 3 things

Answer 35

Helical filament, hook, and a basal body

Question 36

Counterclockwise =

Answer 36

Run

Question 37

Clockwise=

Answer 37

Tumble

Question 38

Bacteria exhibit____________ when searching for nutrients

Answer 38

Chemotaxis

Question 39

Extend from poles and fold back along body in periplasm

Answer 39

Endoflagella in spirochetes

Question 40

sticky layer of polysaccharides secreted externally to the cell wall.

Answer 40

Glycocalyx

Question 41

Thick, firmly bound layer

Answer 41

Capsule

Question 42

Diffuse, water-soluble layer

Answer 42

Slime layer

Question 43

multicellular communities of bacteria embedded in a gelatinous matrix called slime.

Answer 43

Biofilms

Question 44

tolerant of antibiotics and antimicrobials

Answer 44

Biofilms

Question 45

What causes biofilms to be tolerant of antibiotics and antimicrobials

Answer 45

Chemical gradients

Question 46

a complex structure that forms two wrappings around the cell cytoplasm.

Answer 46

Cell envelope

Question 47

Outermost wrapping; key feature of most prokaryotic cells.

Answer 47

Cell wall

Question 48

Inner wrapping; controls transport of nutrients and metabolic products into and out of the cell.

Answer 48

Cell membrane

Question 49

Protects the integrity of the cell

Answer 49

Cell envelope

Question 50

Thick peptidoglycan cell walls containing teichoic acid.

Answer 50

Gram (+) bacteria

Question 51

Thin peptidoglycan layer and no teichoic acid

Answer 51

Gram (-) bacteria

Question 52

The Outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria contains...

Answer 52

Porins and lipopolysaccharides

Question 53

separates the outer membrane and the cell membrane

Answer 53

periplasmic space

Question 54

represents a subcompartment containing the chromosome

Answer 54

nucleoid

Question 55

Usually a closed loop of DNA and protein

Answer 55

nucleoid

Question 56

extrachromosomal molecules of DNA much smaller than the chromosome

Answer 56

Plasmids

Question 57

Plasmids contain a closed loop of now many genes

Answer 57

5-100

Question 58

Replicate independently of the chromosome

Answer 58

Plasmids

Question 59

Provide genetic flexibility in populations, such as antibiotic resistance.

Answer 59

Plasmids

Question 60

Regulate cell division by recruiting proteins to deposit a cell wall between dividing cells and segregating the chromosome

Answer 60

Cytoskeleton