Chapter 3

Question 1

Controls structure and function

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

Used for growth and energy conversions

Answer 2

Biochemical reactions

Question 3

Produces new generations

Answer 3

Reproduction

Question 4

Are complex and regulated

Answer 4

Responses to stimuli

Question 5

What are the organelles in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 5

Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
DNA
Cell wall
Cell membrane

Question 6

Transports proteins

Answer 6

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

Question 7

Synthesize and transport lipids

Answer 7

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)

Question 8

Modify, sort, and package proteins

Answer 8

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Digest proteins; control cell metabolism and growth

Answer 9

Lysosomes

Question 10

Convert chemical energy into cellular energy for work

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

Convert light energy into chemical energy

Answer 11

Chloroplasts

Question 12

Prokaryotic cells perform both __________ and/or ____________ but utilize the cell membrane rather than organelles

Answer 12

Cell respiration
Photosynthesis

Question 13

Gives the cell structure and transports materials within the cell

Answer 13

Eukaryotic cytoskeleton

Question 14

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton includes what

Answer 14

Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments

Question 15

Prokaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton used for…..

Answer 15

cell shape; positioning structures within the cell

Question 16

In eukaryote cells: made of microtubules and beat in a wave-like motion

Answer 16

Flagella

Question 17

In prokaryotic cells: structurally different and provide rotational propeller- like force

Answer 17

Flagella

Question 18

Are cilia present in prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Answer 18

Eukaryotes

Question 19

Shorter microtubules and more numerous flagella

Answer 19

Cilia

Question 20

Help maintain water balance by osmosis

Answer 20

Cell wall

Question 21

Cell walls help cells resist….

Answer 21

Lysis

Question 22

Who used shared characteristics to divide organisms into plant and animal kingdom

Answer 22

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 23

How many kingdoms were there by the 1950’S

Answer 23

5

Question 24

The scientific discipline of naming and classifying organisms within a framework of evolutionary relationships

Answer 24

Taxonomy

Question 25

Who proposed classification scheme with the most inclusive category being the domain

Answer 25

Woese and Fox

Question 26

Prokaryotes with unique rRNA sequences

Answer 26

Archaea

Question 27

All other prokaryotes

Answer 27

Bacteria

Question 28

Include the multicellular kingdoms of plants, fungi, and animals, as well as single-celled protists

Answer 28

Eukarya

Question 29

Who created nomenclature

Answer 29

Linnaeus

Question 30

Nomenclature involves_________ & __________

Answer 30

Genus and specific epithet

Question 31

Developed ability to inwardly fold its plasma membrane

Answer 31

Ancestral prokaryote

Question 32

Acquisition of mitochondria and/or chloroplasts

Answer 32

Endosymbiotic theory

Question 33

Visible light passes through multiple lenses and through the specimen

Answer 33

Bright-field microscopy

Question 34

High resolving power

Answer 34

Resolution

Question 35

Uses basic (cationic) dye

Answer 35

Simple stain

Question 36

Uses acidic (canonic) dye which is repelled by cell walls

Answer 36

Negative stain

Question 37

Which bacteria retain crystal violet

Answer 37

Gram (+)

Question 38

Which bacteria appear orange/red

Answer 38

Gram (-)

Question 39

Used to identify members of Mycobacterium, including the causative agent of tuberculosis

Answer 39

Acid fast

Question 40

What color stain is acid-fast

Answer 40

Red

Question 41

Used to identify the endospores of gram-positive bacteria

Answer 41

Spore stain

Question 42

What color does spore stain result in

Answer 42

Green

Question 43

A special condenser and objective lenses allow observers to view living, unstained organisms.

Answer 43

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 44

Shows the specimen against a dark background and provides good resolution

Answer 44

Dark-field microscopy

Question 45

Specimens are coated with penetrating ________ dye

Answer 45

Fluorescent

Question 46

Cells are illuminated with _____________, exciting electrons in the dye and causing it to glow.

Answer 46

ultraviolet light

Question 47

can yield a final magnification nearly 2 million times larger than the actual specimen.

Answer 47

Transmission electron microscopes (TEM)

Question 48

magnify to about 20,000x.

Answer 48

Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)