Chapter 4 Flashcards
Stanley Miller Experiment
Water evaporates- enters atmosphere of NH3, CH4, H2- Lightning is introduced- Water is condensed- Analyzed and had organic molecules
Different Carbon Chains
Straight, Skeleton, Branched, or Ringed
Hydrocarbon
Molecules with carbons and hydrogens, hydrophobic ex. Methane, Ethane
Isotope
Variation in the number of neutrons
Isomer
Variation in the architecture of a molecule
Structural Isomer
Differ in covalent partners
Geometric Isomer
Different arrangement around a covalent bond
Enantiomer Isomer
Different Spacial arrangements
Functional Group
Chemical group that affects the molecule by being directly involved in chemical reaction
Hydroxyl
- O-H
ex Alchohol - Polar because of different electronegativities
can form hydrogen bonds with water
helps dissolve organic compounds such as sugars
Carbonyl
- C=O
Ex Acetone, Ketone
Ketone and an Aldehyde may be structural isomers with different properties e.g. acetone and propanol
Two groups found in sugars, giving rise to two major groups of sugars: aldoses and ketoses
Carboxyl
O=C-O-H (COOH)
Carboxylic acids or organic acids
Acidic poperties because the covalent bond between hydrogen and oxygen is polar
Found in cells in the ionized form charge 1-
Amino
H-N-H (NH2)
Amines (Glycine)
Acts as a base, Ionized with a charge of 1+ in cellular conditions
Sulfhydryl
-S-H
Thiols
Two groups can react forming a covalent bond. This cross linking helps stabilize protein structure. This bond maintains the curliness or straightness of hair
Phosphate
PO4
Organic Phosphates
Gives negative charge to the molecule that is connected to it
Has the potential to react with water, releasing energy
