Chapter 5

Question 1

4 Large Molecules

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 2

3 Main Macromolecules

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 3

Macromolecules

Answer 3

Large Molecules that include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic Acids

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds

Question 5

Monomer

Answer 5

The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polumer

Question 6

Condensation (Dehydration) Reaction

Answer 6

When two monomers bond with the loss of a water molecule

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

hydro (water)
lysis (break)
Process that is the reverse of dehydration

Question 8

Monomers of Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Monosaccharides

Question 9

3 different disaccharides

Answer 9

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

Question 10

Monomers and location of Maltose

Answer 10

2 Glucose Monomers

Found in malt sugar, brewed beer

Question 11

Monomers and location of Sucrose

Answer 11

Glucose and Fructose

Table Sugar

Question 12

Monomers and Location of Lactose

Answer 12

Glucose and Galactose

Milk

Question 13

-ose

Answer 13

full of, having

Question 14

Glycosidic Linkages

Answer 14

A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
Made between Carbon 1 and Carbon 4

Question 15

Types of Polysacharides

Answer 15

Storage (Glycogen- Animal Storage)

Structural (Tough cell wall/exoskeleton)

Question 16

Characteristic that all Lipids Share

Answer 16

Hydrophobic

Question 17

Building Blocks of Fat

Answer 17

Glycerol, Ester Linkages, Fatty Acids

Question 18

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 18

Has one or more double bonds that replaces a hydrogen

Question 19

Saturated Fats

Answer 19

No double bonds, as many hydrogen bonds as possible

Question 20

4 Functions of Fats

Answer 20

Fats store energy
Cushion vital organs
Compact
Reservoir of Fuel

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

Glycerol attached to a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains
Chains are made up of hydrocarbons, hydrophopic
Phosphate group is hydrophillic

Question 22

5 Types of Proteins

Answer 22

Enzymatic- Digestive enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of food, Structural- Keratin forms hair structure, Storage- Ovalbumin- source of egg white, Transport-Hemoglobin transports oxygen, Hormonal- Insulin regulates sugar concentration

Question 23

Parts of an Enzyme

Answer 23

Enzyme- Important type of protein
Active Site- Place in where reaction occurs
Substrate- Substances on which enzymatic reactions are held

Question 24

Dipeptide

Answer 24

2 amino acids bonded by a peptide bond

Question 25

Polypeptide

Answer 25

A polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 26

Peptide Bond

Answer 26

When two amino acids are bonded through a dehydration reaction through a covalent bond

Question 27

Four Levels of Protein Structure

Answer 27

Primary- Unique sequence of amino acids
Secondary- Patterned coils and folds that contribute to the overall protein shape
Tertiary- Overall shape of the polypeptide
Quaternary- Overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of the polypeptide subunits
Quaternary

Question 28

Disulfide Bridge

Answer 28

Two Sulfurs bonded together

Question 29

Denature

Answer 29

If pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other factors cause a protein to unravel and lose its natural shape

Question 30

4 Nitrogen Bases in DNA

Answer 30

Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine

Question 31

4 Nitrogen Bases in RNA

Answer 31

Guanine, Adenine, Cytocine, Uracil

Question 32

3 components of a nucleotide

Answer 32

Nitrogenous Base, Sugar, DeoxyRibose