Chapter 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Household mode of production
Farmers and their families swapped labor and goods.
Significance: Helped New Englanders to maximize agricultural output and preserve the freehold ideal.
Tenancy
Possession of land or property, (renters).
Helped create a yeoman society of relatively equal land owning farm families.
Redemptioner System
A flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate their own terms upon arrvial.
Significance: Helped establish German population within Pennsylvania.
Enlightenment
European cultural movement that emphasized the power of human reason to understand and shape the world.
Significance: Challenged traditional ideas and educated people.
Pietism
Evangelical Christian Movement that stressed the individual’s personal relationship with God.
Significance: Modified Christian beliefs accordingly.
Natural Rights
(Life,Liberty, and Property), people should have the power to change government policies-or even their form of government.
Significance: Devised a new rational form of Christianity which rejected supernatural interventions.
Deism
Way of thinking, not an established religion.
Significance: Added secular dimension to colonial culture life. (Deists such as Benjamin Franklin shaped America through rational thought.)
Revival
Renewal of religious enthusiasm
Significance: Led to spreading of the message and spiritual urgency across the middle Atlantic region.
Old Lights
Orthodox members of the clergy who thought that the new ways of revival were unnecessary.
Significance: Persuaded legislatures to prohibit evangelists from speaking to a congregation without the minister’s permission.
New lights
Modern thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening.
Significance: Left the congressional church and founded 125 ‘separatist’ churches that supported their ministers through voluntary contributions.
Consumer Revolution
Period in which there was a marked increase in the commotion and variety of luxury goods and products.
Significance: Raised living standards, but landed many consumers and colonies in debt.
Regulators
Group of landowning vigilantes.
Significance: Won attention to backcountry needs, but failed to wrest power from the eastern elite.
Benjamin Franklin
Deist, exemplar of the AmericanEnlightenment as well as a founding father.
Significance: Popularized practical outlook of the Enlightenment, invented things like bifocals and the lightening rod, and founded the American Philosophical Society.
Jonathan Edwards
Minister in Massachusetts. Encouraged a revival among his area.
Significance: guided and observed this revival which he then published an account which gave pietism much of its vitality.
George Whitefield
English minister who became a follower of John Wesley, the founder of English Methodism.
Significance: transformed the revivals of Edwards and Tennents into the Great Awakening.
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War between the colonies of British America and New France with both sides supported with Native American allies and support from mother countries.
Significance: Canada being ceded to the English and ended the period of Salutary Neglect in English Colonies.
Pontiac
Ottawa leader who became famous in the Pontiac’s War, an American Indian struggle against the occupation of the Great Lakes region.
Significance: rallied a group of tribes and attacked colonial outposts. Resulted in the Proclamation of 1763.
Albany plan
Proposal to create a unified government for the 13 colonies suggested by Benjamin Franklin.
Significance: First move towards a unified government.
Paxton Boys
Frontiersmen of Scots-Irish origin who formed a vigilante to retaliate in1763 against local American Indians in the aftermath of the French and Indian war.
Cotton Mather
Socially and politically influential Puritan minister, prolific author as well.
Significance: Had huge scientific role for his early hybridization experiments as well as an early proponent of inoculation in America.
