chapter 4

Question 1

1st law of thermodynamics states what?

Answer 1

energy cant be created or destroyed

Question 2

1 law known as what?

Answer 2

“law of conservation of energy”

Question 3

can energy be changed from one form to another?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what does the 2nd law state?

Answer 4

energy disperses spontaniously

Question 5

what does the 2nd law state that energy does not use?

Answer 5

external influences

Question 6

what increases over time?

Answer 6

entropy

Question 7

what does heat not flow too without work being done?

Answer 7

cold –> hot

Question 8

no energy transfer is what?

Answer 8

100% efficent

Question 9

energy is lost as what?

Answer 9

heat

Question 10

without energy entropy does what?

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

what is required to maintain order in cells?

Answer 11

constant energy input

Question 12

what is the photosynthesis formula

Answer 12

6CO2 + 6H20 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 13

in the photosynthesis formula what is the reactant?

Answer 13

light

Question 14

what is the respiration formula?

Answer 14

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 15

what is the catabolic reaction formula?

Answer 15

C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 16

in ____ reactions the reactant is changed to the what?

Answer 16

chemical, product

Question 17

what do anabolic reactions do?

Answer 17

build up

Question 18

in anabolic reactions the energy product is < OR > energy reactant

Answer 18

>

Question 19

in catabolic reactions energy product is < OR > energy reactant

Answer 19

<

Question 20

what to catabolic reactions do?

Answer 20

break down

Question 21

in anabolic rxns where is energy stored?

Answer 21

product

Question 22

in catabolic reactions what does energy do?

Answer 22

released

Question 23

stored energy is what?

Answer 23

endergonic

Question 24

min energy required for a reaction to take place

Answer 24

activation energy

Question 25

what does every energy reaction have to have to take place?

Answer 25

activation energy

Question 26

enzymes are important to what?

Answer 26

activation energy

Question 27

enzymes typically end in ---

Answer 27

ase

Question 28

to accomplish reactions fat cells use?

Answer 28

enzymes

Question 29

enzymes are what?

Answer 29

organic catalyst

Question 30

substance that increases reaction rate but are NOT used up in the reactions

Answer 30

catalyst

Question 31

catabolic reactions release energy making them a what reaction

Answer 31

endergonic

Question 32

speed up reactions by lowering activation energy

Answer 32

enzymes

Question 33

reactant in a metabolic reaction that is acted on by an enzyme

Answer 33

substrate

Question 34

enzymes are very ___specific

Answer 34

substrate

Question 35

site where the enzyme binds to its substrate

Answer 35

active site

Question 36

molecules that make an enzyme work more efficiently

Answer 36

enzyme activator

Question 37

molecules that make an enzyme work less efficiently

Answer 37

enzyme inhibitor

Question 38

enzyme activator and enzyme inhibitor typically affect the ___ of an enzyme active site

Answer 38

shape

Question 39

what are two types of activators

Answer 39

cofactor, coenzyme

Question 40

ion or minerals required for an enzyme to function

Answer 40

cofactor

Question 41

organic type of activator

Answer 41

coenzyme

Question 42

series of linked reactions each mediated by enzymes

Answer 42

metabolic pathways

Question 43

what type of shape do metabolic pathways have?

Answer 43

linear, circular

Question 44

when the product stops that pathway

Answer 44

feedback inhabitation

Question 45

spontaneous spreading of atoms or molecules in a liquid or gas

Answer 45

diffusion

Question 46

what type of concentrations does warm water have?

Answer 46

higher molecular motion

Question 47

____molecules dispurse faster and easier

Answer 47

smaller

Question 48

name the factors that effect metabolic pathways

Answer 48

temp, size, pressure, and charge

Question 49

regions of high and low concentration of a substance

Answer 49

concentration gradient

Question 50

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 50

osmosis

Question 51

relative concentration of solutes in two solutions

Answer 51

tonicity

Question 52

same solute concentration

Answer 52

isotonic

Question 53

high solute concentration

Answer 53

hypertonic

Question 54

low solute concentration

Answer 54

hypotonic

Question 55

in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic what must happen before you can judge where solutes will go?

Answer 55

must be compared to something

Question 56

if turgor pressure is too high what will happen?

Answer 56

it will stop water flow

Question 57

diffusion only takes place for what ?

Answer 57

water oxygen, and carbon

Question 58

name two types of transport methods?

Answer 58

active and passive

Question 59

(facilitated diffusion) substances are moved down the concentration gradient

Answer 59

passive trans

Question 60

substances are moved up concentration gradient or from a are of low concentration to higher concentration

Answer 60

active trans

Question 61

shipping packages of the cell?

Answer 61

vessicle

Question 62

moves into a cell by the formation of a vesicle

Answer 62

endosytosis

Question 63

moves substances out of the cell by formation of vesicles

Answer 63

exocytosis

Question 64

phagosytosis is also known as?

Answer 64

cell eating