chapter 7

Question 1

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein of RNA

Answer 1

gene

Question 2

alternate forms of a gene

Answer 2

allele

Question 3

chromosomes with genes coding for the same traits

Answer 3

homozygous chromosome

Question 4

process by which DNA is used to produce protein and RNA products

Answer 4

gene expression

Question 5

where does transcription take place?

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

where does translation take place?

Answer 6

cytoplasm, rough ER by ribosomes

Question 7

process of construction of mRNA using DNA as a template

Answer 7

transcription

Question 8

how is transcription similar to DNA replication?

Answer 8

DNA has to unwind and separate

enzyme is involved

Question 9

what are the differences in transcription and DNA replication?

Answer 9

single strand of mRNA is produced
bases in mRNA are slightly different
thymine is not in mRNA, instead you have uracil
enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase

Question 10

binds to DNA at a region

Answer 10

RNA polymerase

Question 11

where does DNA bind to during RNA polymerase?

Answer 11

promoter

Question 12

short sequence of DNA before the gene that is to be transcribed

Answer 12

promoter sequence

Question 13

coding regions of genes

Answer 13

exons

Question 14

non-coding regions of genes

Answer 14

introns

Question 15

mRNA used as instructions to create proteins

Answer 15

Translation

Question 16

where does translation take place?

Answer 16

cytoplasm, ribosomes do it

Question 17

sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid OR a stop signal

Answer 17

codon

Question 18

what are the 3 stop codons?

Answer 18

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 19

What is the start codon?

Answer 19

AUG (methionine)

Question 20

how many amino acids are naturally occurring?

Answer 20

20

Question 21

how many codons are total?

Answer 21

64

Question 22

each amino acid (except methiodine) that has multiple codons that code for its genetic sequence

Answer 22

redundancy

Question 23

what are ribosomes made up of?

Answer 23

rRNA and some proteins

Question 24

what do fully functional ribosomes consist of?

Answer 24

2 subunits (1 large and 1 small)

Question 25

what is tRNA's job?

Answer 25

bring amino acids to the ribosomes protein assembly

Question 26

what are the two important binding sites in tRNA

Answer 26

anticodon and amino acid binding site

Question 27

site where tRNA binds to mRNA

Answer 27

anticodon

Question 28

what are 3 causes of mutations?

Answer 28

errors during replication, chemicals, radiation

Question 29

are mutations always negative?

Answer 29

NO, they can be positive, negative, or have no effect

Question 30

TYPE OF MUTATION: | one base replaces another base; could have no effect on the cell, (simplest)

Answer 30

substitution

Question 31

TYPE OF MUTATION: | change in the sequence of proteins; may have an effect

Answer 31

silent mutation

Question 32

TYEP OF MUTATION: | another base gets inserted (frame shift)

Answer 32

insertation

Question 33

TYPE OF MUTATION: | base gets taken out (frame shift)

Answer 33

deletion

Question 34

what percent of mutations are for the protein coding sequence?

Answer 34

3%

Question 35

what molecules affect gene expression?

Answer 35

transcription factors, master genes, homeotic genes

Question 36

proteins that effect transcription?

Answer 36

transcription factors

Question 37

other genes that code for proteins that effect expression of other genes

Answer 37

master genes

Question 38

genes that control formation of a particular body part

Answer 38

homeotic genes

Question 39

responsible for making a heart?

Answer 39

tin man gene

Question 40

causes aniridia (or absence of an iris)

Answer 40

PAX6