Chapter 4

Question 0

zygote

Answer 0

the fertilized egg developing into an embryo

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 2

embryo

Answer 2

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the 2nd month

Question 3

fetus

Answer 3

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Question 4

teratogens

Answer 4

dangerous things that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 5

fas

Answer 5

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

Question 6

habituation

Answer 6

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

Question 7

maturation

Answer 7

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior

Question 8

critical period

Answer 8

an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences procedures normal development

Question 9

cognition

Answer 9

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 10

schema

Answer 10

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 11

assimilation

Answer 11

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 12

accommadation

Answer 12

adapting our current understandings to incorporate new information

Question 13

sensorimotor stage

Answer 13

the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities( from birth to about 2)

Question 14

object permanence

Answer 14

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 15

preoperational stage

Answer 15

the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic(2-6 or 7)

Question 16

conversation

Answer 16

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Question 17

egocentrism

Answer 17

the preoperational childs difficulty taking anothers point of view

Question 18

theory of mind

Answer 18

peoples ideas about their own and others mental states

Question 19

concrete operational stage

Answer 19

the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events(6 or 7-11)

Question 20

formal operational stage

Answer 20

the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts(12)

Question 21

autism

Answer 21

a disorder

Question 22

stranger anxiety

Answer 22

the fear of strangers

Question 23

attachment

Answer 23

the emotional tie with another person

Question 24

imprinting

Answer 24

the process by which animals form attachments

Question 25

temperament

Answer 25

a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 26

basic trust

Answer 26

a sense that the world is predictable and tustworthy

Question 27

adolescence

Answer 27

the transition period from childhood to adulthood

Question 28

puberty

Answer 28

the period of sexual maturation

Question 29

intimacy

Answer 29

the ability to form close loving relationships

Question 30

emerging adulthood

Answer 30

bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

Question 31

menopause

Answer 31

The time of natural cessation of menstruation

Question 32

cross-sectional study

Answer 32

a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Question 33

longitudinal study

Answer 33

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

Question 34

social clock

Answer 34

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

Question 35

Oxytocin

Answer 35

a hormone released that causes increased contraction of the uterus and stimulates the ejection of milk of the breasts.