Chapter 4

Question 1

calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Answer 1

60-70% of dry bone weight

Question 2

Collagen

Answer 2

resists tension and gives bone flexibility

Question 3

stiffness

Answer 3

Stress /strain in a loaded material

Question 4

compressive strength

Answer 4

ability to resist compression; max load material cam w/stand

Question 5

tensile strength

Answer 5

ability to resist tension

Question 6

What effects bone strength?

Answer 6

water content and bone porosity

Question 7

water content of bone

Answer 7

25-30%

Question 8

porous

Answer 8

amount of bone volume filled w/ pores; cortical vs. trabecular

Question 9

cortical bone

Answer 9

compact mineralized bone w/ low porosity (5-30%); found in shafts of long bones

Question 10

Trabecular (cancellous) bone

Answer 10

less compact bone w/ high porosity(30-90’s %); found in the ends of long bones and vertebrae

Question 11

anisotropic

Answer 11

bone has different strength and stiffness depending on the direction of the load

Question 12

axial skeleton

Answer 12

skull, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

Question 13

appendicular skeleton

Answer 13

bone composing body appendages

Question 14

short bones

Answer 14

cubical; provide limited gliding; shock absorbers; carpals and tarsals

Question 15

flat bones

Answer 15

protects organs and provides surfaces for muscle attachments; ribs and sternum

Question 16

irregular bones

Answer 16

have different shapes to serve different specialized function;
Vertebrae and maxilla

Question 17

long bones

Answer 17

framework of appendicular skeleton; femur

Question 18

Building blocks of bone

Answer 18

calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, and water