Chapter 4

Question 1

Maxims of Cooperative principles in communication

Answer 1

strive to communicated based on assumption to be sincere

Question 2

6 Maxims

Answer 2

Quality - honesty
Quantity - expect equal participation in communication (receprocity)
Relevance - expect people to stay on topic
Manner - large range of appropriate behavior (ex. eye contact)
Relations with conversation partner - knowledge of conversational history
Rule Violations - marking that you havent followed a principle

Question 3

Proxemics

Answer 3

personal space in conversations for U.S. it is 1/2 to 4 ft

Question 4

Kinesics

Answer 4

Bodily movements in conversation (includes things like eye contact and gestures)

Question 5

Eye Contact across cultures

Answer 5

greater in arabic cultures than U.S. Native Americans use less than African Americans less than Whites

Question 6

Paralanguage

Answer 6

nonverbal vocal cues in conversation such as loudness of voice, silences, and rates of speech

Question 7

High Context

Answer 7

communication in which the context conveys much of the meaning (China, Japan & Korea)

Question 8

Indirect communication

Answer 8

relies upon context and the receivers ability to draw inferences

Question 9

Low context

Answer 9

language is dependent on communication (U.S., germany, swiss, scandavians)

Question 10

Direct communication

Answer 10

blunt communication that is literal and to the point

Question 11

Negative stereoytypic

Answer 11

according to Rebeau and associates, stereotyping that casts african americans in a negative light or that limits discussion to “african american topics” such as athletics and musics

Question 12

Personal expressiveness

Answer 12

speaking from the heart not the head - african americans typically do this

Question 13

Authenticity

Answer 13

being truthful and not trying to be merely politically correct

Question 14

Power dynamics (according to Rbbeau)

Answer 14

refers to the powerlessness and assertiveness in conversations with african americans. Sometimes african americans can feel powerless when conversing with white conversational partners

Question 15

Code switching

Answer 15

moving between BSE (black standard english) and the queens english

Question 16

Gender and nonverbal behaviors

Answer 16

women tend to lean away and smile more than men (so do people in a low status group. Women tend to be better at coding nonverbal behavior but if a man has incentive to do so, there is no significant difference

Question 17

Tag questions

Answer 17

questions added to a statement of assertion such as “this is good, don’t you think” women tend to do this

Question 18

Qualifiers

Answer 18

words or phrases that soften statements such as “I may be wrong, but”

Question 19

Studies of effectiveness of speech

Answer 19

tentative speech was more persuasive when used by a woman but still rated less competent than a male. Women can either be friendly or competent, but rarely both

Question 20

Additive bilingualism

Answer 20

the acquisition of a second language that does not replace the native language

Question 21

Subtractive bilingalism

Answer 21

the acquisition of a second language that replaces the native language (language attrition)