Chapter 6 Flashcards
Attribution Theory
a theory that attempts to determine the cause of a behavior. two major dimensions are internal - external and stable - unstable
Fundamental Attribution Error
the tendency to overestimate dispositional (internal, stable) causes of behaviors and to underestimate external causes of behaviors
Ultimate attribution error
the tendency to ascribe the cause of a behavior to dispositional characteristics of the group rather than an individual member
Stereotype
a generalization about a group or its members based upon their characterization
Prejudice
a negative judgement about a group or its members based upon their categorization
Discrimination
a negative behavior toward a group or its members based upon their categorization
Racism
discriminatory behavior that is backed by institutional power.. key words here BACKED BY INSTITUTIONAL POWER. More black men in prison, minorities do worse in schools, etc
Types of Racism
Overt, intentional: discriminatory behavior in which those in the majority engage in open hostile aggression (shooting in Charleston, SC)
Overt, unintentional: did not intend but not mindful; thoughtless behavior (use of lame, gay, retarded)
Covert, intentional: behavior that is intentional but is covered up so that on can deny they are racist
Olkin, 2002
focus on clinical/counseling psych but applicable to other aspects. Programs focus on exceptional children, MR, and LD, lack of representation and cross-cultural competency
Models of Disability and Disablement
Moral: problem of moral character test of faith “disabilities will disappear in heaven”
Medical: physical abnormality of the mind or body
Social: dynamic variation is a key feature of our world. social practices make physical differences come to matter
Negative Stereotype Development
- Cognitive Process: attempts to simplify our worlds (illusory correlation overestimation)
- Power/Social Inequality Justification: we engage in behavior first and then form our attitudes; creation of arguments to justify behavior
Stereotype Threat (steele)
a fear that one will confirm the negative sterotype of a group to which one belongs in an area in which the individual excels (students performance on GRE study)
