Chapter 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Choosing each participant by chance
Random selection
Clinical populations that are unlikely to represent the entire population
Selection Bias
A specified set of observable operations that are measurable and that allow one to define some concept.
Operational Definition
A term that is used in several different ways all of which address issues of correctness, meaningfulness, and relevancy.
Validity
Research that tests the specific hypotheses derived from theoretical notions.
Hypothesis Testing
The degree to which an observation is consistently made. The term can be applied to a test or other measurement or to a system of classification.
Reliability
Directly observing individuals in their “real world”
Naturalistic Observation
The extent to which different raters agree on a particular diagnosis or measurement
inter-rater reliability
When the observer does not know the hypothesis being tested
observer “blindness”
The extent to which research findings can be attributed to the experimental manipulation
Internal validity
The degree to which findings of an investigation can be generalized to other populations and situations
External validity
A term that in general refers to efforts to apply research findings to the real world of clinical practice and community programs
translational research
The study of the occurrence and distribution of a disorder within a population.
Epidemiology
Study that involves a manipulation with a single participant. Can be referred to as a time series design.
Single-case experimental design
Retrospective study in which a group that has been diagnosed with a disorder is compared with a group without the disorder.
Case-control study
Research in which individuals are observed and then evaluated with repeated observations as time passes in oder to see development as it occurs
Prospective longitudinal research
Various designs that combine the longitudinal and cross-sectional research strategies to maximize the strengths of those methods
Accelerated longitudinal research designs
Research approach which assumes that events are best understood when they are observed in context and from a personal frame of reference. Uses in-depth interviews and intensive case studies
qualitative research
Research approach that places a high value on objective measurement in a highly controlled situation as characterized by the experiment.
quantitative research
Guard against the potential for harm
nonmaleficence
The probability equal to or below which the findings are due merely to chance.
Statistical significance
