CHAPTER 4-5

Question 1

– refers to the tubular casing or shell of an ammunition that holds the bullet and contains the gunpowder.

Answer 1

Cartridge Case

Question 2

Parts of Cartridge Case

Answer 2

1. Mouth – the edge of shell’s opening.
2. Crimp – part of mouth that is turned in upon the bullet.
3. Shell Cannelures - are the serrated groves around the neck
4. Neck - occupied by the bullet.
5. Shoulder - supports the neck.
6. Body – contains gunpowder
7. Extracting groove - the circular groove near the base of the shell designed for the automatic withdrawal of the case after firing.
8. Rim - limits the forward travel of cartridges into the chamber.
9. Primer – located at central base that contains the priming mixture.
10. Shell Head – the base portion that contains the head stamp

Question 3

– is used secure the bullet in the shell to avoid being moved or loosened from its gripped

Answer 3

Crimp

Question 4

– used only on jacketed ammo that consists of dimples or grooves pressed into the mouth.

Answer 4

Stab or Ring Crimp

Question 5

– used in the cartridge with headspace on the cartridge case mouth with lead bullets.

Answer 5

Taper Crimp

Question 6

– located at the neck that is rolled into the groove of the bullet.

Answer 6

Roll Crimp

Question 7

– rim diameter is greater than the body (Cal .38 and Cal .22)

Answer 7

Rimmed

Question 8

– rim diameter is SLIGHTLY greater than the body (Cal .25, Cal .32 auto, Cal .38 Super)

Answer 8

Semi-rimmed

Question 9

– rim is equal with the body (Cal 5.56mm, Cal .30, 9mm, Cal .45)

Answer 9

Rimless

Question 10

– rim is smaller than the body (Cal 8mm x 59)

Answer 10

Rebated

Question 11

– a protruding metal is belted around the shell (Cal .338 magnum, 13.9 x 99)

Answer 11

Belted

Question 12

– found on the primer (particularly on the primer cup).
Note: Glock Pistols have rectangular firing pin marks.

Answer 12

Firing Pin Marks

Question 13

– found on the base of shell. Caused by the breechface

Answer 13

Breechface Marks

Question 14

– found on the extracting groove

Answer 14

Extractor Marks

Question 15

– located at the rim at the base of shell fired from automatic FAs

Answer 15

Ejector Marks

Question 16

– found on the primer near the firing pin mark. It is just a rebound or duplication of firing pin mark.

Answer 16

Shearing Marks (Secondary Firing Pin Marks)

Question 17

– found on the body of shell. Caused by the magazine lips during loading

Answer 17

Magazine Marks

Question 18

– found on the body of the shell. Caused by the irregularities inside the chamber

Answer 18

Chamber Marks

Question 19

– found on the base of rimmed type shell. Caused by Break Type Revolver during loading

Answer 19

Pivotal Marks

Question 20

– found on the side of the rim. Caused by the contact between the shell and ejection port of the FA (Pistol)

Answer 20

Ejector Port Marks

Question 21

– part of cartridge consisting of lead or jacketed projectile projected from FA. Bullets in the crime scene are also called Slugs.

Answer 21

Bullet

Question 22

The word bullet came from the French word “boulette” which means “small ball.”

Answer 22

bullet

Question 23

– are spherical projectiles used in smoothbore FAs.

Answer 23

Shot/ Pellets/ Balls

Question 24

Note: The general term for bullets, shots/pellets/ balls is Projectile.

Question 25

– means a Small ball.

Answer 25

French word “boulette

Question 26

bullet is called

Answer 26

slug

Question 27

In gov’t parlance, a cartridge containing bullet is called

Answer 27

Ball Cartridge

Question 28

In small arms ammunition, bullet refers to the projectile which is

Answer 28

Cylindrical or Cylo-conoidal

Question 29

– made of lead or alloy of metals, tin and antimony

Answer 29

Lead Bullets

Question 30

– made of lead core covered with jacket of harder material, such as gilding metal, copper alloy approximately 90% and zinc 10%.

Answer 30

Jacketed Bullets

Question 31

– have soft lead core inside a jacket.

Answer 31

Ball Bullets

Question 32

– contains tungsten chrome steel and are fired at vehicles and other armored targets

Answer 32

Armor Piercing Bullets

Question 33

– contains compound at the base, usually similar to barium nitrates which set fire when bullet is projected.

Answer 33

Tracer Bullets

Question 34

– contains phosphorous or other materials that can set fire. These are used for targets such as aircrafts and/or gasoline depot.

Answer 34

Incendiary Bullets

Question 35

– contain a high charge of explosive usually limited to 20mm and above.

Answer 35

Explosive (Fragmentary Bullets)

Question 36

Parts of Bullet

Answer 36

1. Base – receives the thrust and heat from the burning gunpowder. Sometimes Gas Check is placed to prevent melting of bullet. 2. Bearing Surface – body of the bullet that contacts the lands and grooves in the barrel. This should fit the bore. 3. Bullet Cannelure – serrated groove or depression around the body of bullet, usually used in bottle neck shell. 4. Core – a mass of lead in a bullet covered with jacket. This sometimes, contains other metals for other purposes. 5. Head height – length in the portion of the bullet from the shoulder to the tip. 6. Heel – the edge of the base 7. Jacket – covers the entire lead core, usually copper, brass, steel and aluminum. 8. Meplat diameter– the diameter of the nose/ogive. 9. Ogive/ Nose – the tapered or curved part of the bullet towards the tip of a bullet. 10. Point – the forward portion or tip of bullet. 11. Shoulder – the end portion of the body of bullet. Bullets Designed for Handgun

Question 37

– has an exposed lead and has cavity at the tip.

Answer 37

Jacketed Hallow Point

Question 38

– with more exposed lead at the tip that expand more than a hallow point bullet.

Answer 38

Semi-jacketed Hallow Point

Question 39

– the lead core is enclosed by a light copper jacket, with cone shape and flat point.

Answer 39

Full Metal Cone (Truncated Cone)

Question 40

– a solid lead bullet with rounded ogive for downrange accuracy, hard hitting, economical, generally designed bullet for revolvers.

Answer 40

Lead Round Nose

Question 41

– a solid lead bullet, cuts clean in paper targets for precise scoring.

Answer 41

Lead Full-Wadcutter

Question 42

– solid lead bullet with semi pointed nose, with sharp shoulder for clean hole punching in paper target.

Answer 42

Lead Semi-wadcutter

Question 43

– lead core is covered with jacket except the base, results to little expansion but with deep penetration.

Answer 43

Full Metal Jacket

Question 44

– the lead core is enclosed by heavy copper jacket results to little or no expansion BUT deep penetration.

Answer 44

Full Metal Jacket Boat Tail

Question 45

– extremely accurate designed aerodynamically

Answer 45

Hallow Point Boat Tail

Question 46

exposed lead on the tip of the bullet with broader point diameter. The bullet may expand and may result to more or less 200% of the original bullet diameter.

Answer 46

Soft Point

Question 47

– having a copper sheath with full metal jacket.

Answer 47

Hardball Bullet

Question 48

– designed for armored penetration at a greater distance

Answer 48

Depleted Uranium Bullet

Question 49

– the lead core is jacketed by copper-alloy or aluminum. The jacket is designed to be disintegrated into small pieces to cause hemorrhage.

Answer 49

Silver Tip Bullet

Question 50

- upon reaching target, splits into fragments when hitting soft tissue creating bigger wound. It may have stress lines around the bullet

Answer 50

Fragmentation Bullet

Question 51

– have sharp pointed nose, more effective than the round ball of the same weight. These have more velocity. It may travel sideways inside the target upon hitting bones/hard object. Spitz means pointed.

Answer 51

Spitzer Bullets

Question 52

– include all soft point bullets, split nose bullets, hallow point bullets and jacketed bullets with exposed lead core. These bullets are designed for expansion.

Answer 52

Dumdum Bullets

Question 53

– designed to expand upon striking the target, thus leaving a smaller entry but larger/bigger exit.

Answer 53

. Mushroom Bullet (Soft Point Bullet)

Question 54

– has open ogive/nose designed to increase the expansion upon hitting the target.

Answer 54

Hallow Point Bullet (Express Bullet

Question 55

– is plated with gilding metal to prevent rusting and to reduce frictional resistance in the bore.

Answer 55

Steel Jacketed Bullet

Question 56

– a solid copper with no lead core, no jacket and is heat treated for extra toughness. Upon hitting hard target, nose peels to four razor-edge petals. Designed by Barne in 1989 and owned by Randy Brooks.

Answer 56

X-Bullet

Question 57

– uses a special jacket and compressed shot core with plastic tip. It has a high performance ammunition that gives superior penetration to solid targets.

Answer 57

Glaser Safety Slug

Question 58

MARKS FOUND ON BULLET

Answer 58

1. Rifling Marks – caused by the land and grooves 2. Skid Marks – caused by the initial forward movement of bullet before the rifling get the bullet. 3. Slippage Marks – caused by worn-out, oversized and oily barrel. 4. Shaving/Stripping Marks (Tapyas sa bala) – found on the nose or ogive of a bullet, done when the bullet and the barrel are not aligned. 5. Miscellaneous Marks – caused by various parts or external objects other than the firing pin, rifling & magazine.