CHAPTER 9

Question 1

This used to determine the similarities and dissimilarities of evidence and test evidence.

Answer 1

Bullet Comparison Microscope

Question 2

1st to own Bullet Comparison Microscope in 1925. He is also the Father of Modern Ballistics.

Answer 2

Col. Calvin H. Goddard, MD

Question 3

Two Positions in Comparing Evidence & Test Bullet

Answer 3

1. Intermarriage
2. Juxtaposition

Question 4

half of evidence & test bullet is projected:

a. At the same time – Clock positions
b. At the same direction – Left or right
c. At the same magnification – the same size when viewed (small vs small; bigger vs bigger)
d. At the same image – landmarks vs. landmarks
e. At the same level or plane – refers to height or elevation of stage plate

Answer 4

Intermarriage

Question 5

– the critical side by side examination of evidence and test bullet/shell. Juxtapose means putting two things together to emphasize their contrast between them.

Answer 5

Juxtaposition

Question 6

Used in preliminary examinations of fired bullets, shells.
Used also in close-up examination of tampered serial nos. of FAs.

Answer 6

Stereoscopic Microscope

Question 7

invented the first Stereoscopic-Style Microscope with two eyepieces in 1671.

Answer 7

Cherubin d’Oreans (1671

Question 8

– introduced a “novel” design that led him to become the Forefather of of Modern Stereoscope.

Answer 8

Honorato S. Greenough (1890)

Question 9

– designed the first successful stereomicroscope. This was introduced in US and was named Cycloptic in 1957.

Answer 9

Francis Herbert Wenham (19th) of London

Question 10

Similar with the Comparison Microscope. BUT this equipment is capable of comparing two fired bullets and shells with a large screen. William Howard Livens, engineer and British Army, was the inventor.

Answer 10

Comparison Projector 6 (CP-6)

Question 11

Used in test firing to acquire test shells and bullets for comparison. The same caliber or brand of ammunition should be used and manufactured in the same year.

Answer 11

Bullet Recovery Box

Question 12

Original Design (Square)
1. Length = 8ft or 96 in
2. 1ft or 12 x12 in on each side
3. ¼ inc thick = side
4. 1/8 in thick = tip

Question 13

Modern Design (Tube)
A. Length = 92 inches
B. Diameter of body = 18 inches
C. Thickness of iron used = 1/8 inch
D. Frontal ring = 20 inches

Question 14

Used in determining the width of lands, width of grooves, diameter and twist of fired bullet.

Answer 14

Measuring Projector 6 (MP-6)

Question 15

Generally, used to know the caliber of FA, bullet and shell.

Answer 15

Caliper

Question 16

Caliper is used to determine the:

Answer 16

1. Bullet diameter
2. Rim diameter
3. Shell mouth diameter
4. Bore diameter
5. Shell length
6. Barrel length

Aside from use of determining the Caliber of FA, bullet, shell and ammo.

Question 17

– similar in use with Caliper. The word Micrometer was derived from Greek words Micros (small) and Metron (to measure). This instrument then is used to measure small things and small distances. This is an enhancement of the Vernier Caliper. William Gascoine (17th) – first ever inventor.

Answer 17

Micrometer (C-clamp like)

Question 18

– inventor of Palmer, which is used in measuring handheld objects. It was introduced in Spain and was called

Answer 18

Jean Laurent Palmer (1848-France)

Question 19

Determines the weight of fired bullet, shots/pellets to know its caliber, type and make of FA used. Measurements are expressed in Grains or Grams. Note: If bullet is shaved, it must be noted for its weight will differ from the standard.

Answer 19

Analytical or Torsion Balance

Question 20

used to determine the bore diameter of FA or Caliber.
Comparison: Ring measurer, used in determining the right measurement for wedding, graduation and personalized rings.

Answer 20

Taper Gauge

Question 21

This is a small instrument used in the examination of the interior surface of barrel. It has tiny lamp at its end and is being inserted in the barrel to detect irregularities and imperfections, roughness and scratches.

Answer 21

Onoscope

Question 22

This measures Pitch of Rifling, which refers to a complete turn (360°) of a bullet inside the barrel. It also measures the angle of twist of rifling, either pistol or revolver barrel.

Procedure: This instrument is used by inserting the telescope and aligning it with the axis of the bore.

Answer 22

Helixometer

Question 23

This measures the speed the bullet or muzzle velocity of the bullet. Alfred Lee Loomis (1918) – inventor. Prior to Chronograph, Boulenge Chronograph was actually invented but was not much reliable/accurate.

Answer 23

Chronograph

Question 24

– used in marking fired bullets, shells and FAs submitted for examination. This is being plug to a female outlet. Used only when there is power supply

Answer 24

Electric Gun Marker

Question 25

– used in orientation/preliminary examination of fired bullets and shells with the use of series of microscopic lenses of different magnifications. This instrument contains a large circular ground glass that is about 14 in where the observation and comparison of the characteristics is done. This can also take photomicrographs

Answer 25

Shadowgraph

Question 26

a pointed instrument used to mark: 1. fired bullets 2. fired shells 3. Firearms 4. Metallic fragments This must be solid and harder metal than the evidence to be marked. This is used in manually engraving the initials and date.

Answer 26

Stylus

Question 27

Integrated Ballistics Identification System

Question 28

– a mechanical trigger pull trigger tester

Answer 28

Trigger pull gauge

Question 29

– used to handle bullets

Answer 29

Tweezers

Question 30

– an optical device consisting of a rigid flexible tube with an eyepiece on one end, an objective lens on the other linked together by a relay optical system in between.

Answer 30

Borescope

Question 31

– used to calculate the drag coefficient of the bullet. This is capable of determining the supersonic speed of bullet.

Answer 31

Wind funnel

Question 32

– used to photograph projectile in flight. This enables to determine the speed, position of bullet and shock waves the projectile produces. Invented by an American Engineer Horod Eugene Edgerton

Answer 32

Stroboscope

Question 33

– used primarily in the laboratory in marking metal evidence.

Answer 33

Electric Gun Marker

Question 34

used to drill deep accurate holes

Answer 34

Gun drills/ Deep hole drills