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BMSC 200 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

average molecular weight of an amino acid

A

110

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2
Q

How do you approximate the number of amino acids in a protein?

A

dividing the proteins molecular weight by 110.

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3
Q

smallest protein

A

insulin: ~50

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4
Q

biggest protein

A

titin

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5
Q

The 3D structure of a protein is determined by…

A

its amino acid sequence

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6
Q

the most important forces stabilizing the specific structures of a given protein are…

A

non-covalent

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7
Q

low free energy means…

A

most stable

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8
Q

Folded proteins occupy a….

A

low-energy state

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9
Q

Protein folding _________ the order.

A

increases

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10
Q

denaturation

A

loss of activity; reversible (energy required is small)

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11
Q

Folding and unfolding is a ______________ process

A

cooperative

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12
Q

cooperative process

A

as soon as some come apart, it all comes apart

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13
Q

Within main-chain of the polypeptide, there is a repeating pattern of…

A

NCCNCC

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14
Q

To represent a viable form of secondary structure, the folding pattern must:

A
  • optimize the hydrogen bonding potential of main chain carbonyl and amide groups
  • represent a favoured conformation of the polypeptide chain
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15
Q

There are _____ numbers of hydrogen bond donors and accepts within the polypeptide main chain.

A

equal

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16
Q

most residues within biological peptides and proteins tend to be in….

A

trans configuration

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17
Q

Trans configuration can’t convert to cis without….

A

breaking bonds

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18
Q

Each alpha carbon is held within the main chain through…

A

single bonds with complete freedom of rotation

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19
Q

Phi

A

alpha carbon to amide nitrogen

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20
Q

Psi

A

alpha carbon to carbonyl carbon

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21
Q

Ramachadran Plot

A

Illustrates all possible combos of Phi and Psi

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22
Q

alpha helices are ______ handed helices

23
Q

right handed helix

A

3.6 residues/turn

24
Q

alpha helices are stabilized by..

A

many hydrogen bonds which are parallel to helix axis

25
All C=O groups point towards....
C-terminus
26
Which amino acids are usually not found in alpha helices?
proline and glycine
27
Stretches of similarly charged residues will ________ alpha helices due to ______________.
destabilize, electrostatic repulsion
28
The positioning of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues with primary structure generates.....
an amphipathic alpha helices
29
conformation of beta strands
- fully extended polypeptide chains | - side chains projected alternately above and below
30
How are beta strands stabilized ?
by hydrogen bonds between C=O and -NH on adjacent strands
31
Which are more stable, parallel or anti-parallel beta sheets?
anti
32
Unique _______ produced at the interfaces between subunits of quaternary structure.
active sites
33
Keratin primary structure
-pseudo seven repeat (a and d are hydrophobic)
34
Keratin secondary
right handed, amphipathic alpha helices
35
keratin tertiary
the hydrophobic strip in alpha helical rods are looking for hydrophobic environment
36
keratin quaternary structure
hydrophobic surfaces interact to form coiled coils
37
coiled coil of keratin
-two right-handed helices wrapping in a left-handed fashion
38
Individual units of keratin are linked together through...
disulfide bonds
39
What determines overall strength of keratin?
extent of disulfide bonds
40
collagen makes up...
tendons, skin
41
collagen primary
multiple repeats of Gly-X-Y where X is often proline or hydroxyproline
42
collagen secondary
-formations of left handed helices (3 residues/turn)
43
collagen tertiary
full length helical
44
quaternary
coiled coils
45
coiled coils of collagen
three left handed helices wrapping in right handed fashion
46
What determines strength of collagen?
linkages from amino acid residues that undergo post-translational modification
47
The enzyme that performs performs the stabilizing links (involving p.t.m residues) of collagen require....
VITAMIN C
48
silk primary
six residue repeat (GSGAGA)
49
silk secondary
composed primarily from beta sheets (strength)
50
silk is both flexible and strong because...
- fully extended polypeptide chains (strength) - beta sheets (flex) - association of sheets by van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions (flex)
51
Hydrogen bonds hold....
beta sheets together (non-covalent)
52
hydrophobic and van der Waal interactions bring ________ together
beta sheets
53
Entire helix is a dipole with N (__) and C (__).
N=+ | C= -

BMSC 200 (11 decks)

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