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BMSC 200 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

oligosaccharides

A

3-20 monosaccharides

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2
Q

polysaccharide

A

polymers more than 20 monosaccharides

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3
Q

glycoconjugates

A

carbs linked to proteins or lipids

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4
Q

D

A

OH on right

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5
Q

L

A

OH on LLLLLLeft

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6
Q

designation of D or L based on…

A

OH of chiral carbon most distant from carbonyl oxygen called glyceraldehyde

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7
Q

molecules with “n” chiral centers will have ____ stereoisomers

A

2^n

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8
Q

carbohydrate empirical formula

A

(CH2O)n

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9
Q

two major classes of carbs

A

aldoses and ketoses

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10
Q

Glucose and _________ epimers at C-2

A

Mannose

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11
Q

Glucose and _________ epimers at C-4

A

Galactose

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12
Q

epimers

A

sugars that differ at a single chiral center

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13
Q

cyclized structure; alcohol with aldehyde

A

hemiacetal

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14
Q

cyclized structure; alcohol with ketose

A

hemiketal

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15
Q

six-membered sugar ring

A

pyranose

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16
Q

five member sugar ring

A

furanose

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17
Q

beta

A

OH above

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18
Q

alpha

A

OH below

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19
Q

mutarotation

A

a and B configurations interconverting

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20
Q

sugar derivative glucosinolate and enzyme myrosinase

A

stored separately, but come together upon tissue damage – myrosinase acts on glucosinolate to produce glucose and isothiocyanate (bitter).

21
Q

monosaccharides reducing agents

A

carbonyl group (now reducing end) is oxidized to a carboxyl group to allow for quantifications of sugar in blood or urine

22
Q

glycosidic bond

A

primary structural linkage in all polymers of monosaccharides

23
Q

O-glycosidic bonds

A

occur through oxygen

24
Q

N-glycosidic bonds

A

occur through nitrogen

25
Q

reducing end

A

the end of the chain with a free anomeric carbon

26
Q

glycosyltransferases

A

how higher order carbohydrate structures are generated

-use monosaccharides activated through linkage with UDP

27
Q

homopolysaccharides

A

polymers containing a single type of monosaccharide

28
Q

heteropolysaccharides

A

polymers containing more than one type of monosaccharide

29
Q

energy storage polysaccharides

A
  • starch (amylose and amylopectin)

- glycogen

30
Q

amylose

A

unbranched, linear polymer of glucose residues though a(1-4) bonds

31
Q

non-reducing end suffix

A

osyl

32
Q

reducing end suffix

A

ose

33
Q

amylopectin

A

branched, a(1-4) linked glucose residues with a(1-6) branched every 24-30 residues

34
Q

glycogen

A
  • most prevalent in skeletal muscle and liver

- identical to amylopectin, but branch every 10 residues

35
Q

glycogen phosphorylase

A

cleaves glucose residues from branch end points to mobilize

36
Q

structural polysaccharides

A

cellulose and chitin

37
Q

cellulose

A

-linear, homo of glucose B(1-4)

38
Q

chitin

A

principal component of hard exoskeletons

  • linear, homo, N-acetylglucosamine (modification of glucose)
  • B(1-4)
39
Q

chemical different between cellulose and chitin

A

replacement of hydroxyl group at C2 with acylated amino group

40
Q

fibrils

A

formed by parallel polysaccharides linked through H-bonds

41
Q

B(1-4) linkages

A
  • of cellulose and chitin

- allow formation of long straight chains

42
Q

a(1-4) linkages

A

-of starts and glycogen form hollow, helical structures, for storage

43
Q

glycolipids

A

sugars covalently linked to lipid molecules

44
Q

glycolipids function

A

formation of blood group antigens

45
Q

proteoglycans

A

protein linked to carb called glycosaminoglycan

-serve structural and lubricating functions

46
Q

glycoproteins

A

protein with covalently attached sugars

  • (N-linked) amide nitrogen of side chain of an Asn
  • (O-linked) hydroxyl on Set of Threonine
47
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

glycoprotein that stimulated production of red blood cells

  • has 3 n-linked and o-linked glycosylations
  • seynthetic differs from endogenous (used to detect use of the banned substance)
48
Q

extracellular matrix

A

space in tissues containing gel-like material

BMSC 200 (11 decks)

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