Chapter 4 Flashcards
Describe the central vacuole
It is a large, fluid-filled vacuole; it can consume up to 90% of a cell’s volume; it forms from smaller vacuoles fusing together
As a cell becomes smaller, its surface area ___ relative to its volume.
increases
What is the cell theory
All living things are made of one or more cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms; all cells arise from existing cells
a cell’s shape, size, and organization are determined by what?
its function
List some items found in an animal cell
phospholipids; endoplasmic reticulum; mitochondria
Which part of the plasma membrane helps cells recognize each other?
glycoproteins
Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles within a cell are broken down by what?
the lysosomes
Organelles that are surrounded by a lipid bilayer and contain DNA are the what?
nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
Integral membrane proteins perform what activities?
transmitting signals across the cell membrane; identifying the cell type to surrounding cells; helping move substances across the cell membrane
The nucleus of a cell contains what?
chromosomes, DNA, RNA
What does the end product of photosynthesis use?
oxygen and carbohydrates
What type of molecules can be found in/on the plasma membrane?
carbohydrate, protein, phospholipid
The organelles most numerous in the kidneys and liver that neutralize free radicals are what?
peroxisomes
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging molecules for export?
Golgi apparatus
What is the cytoskeleton made up of?
microtubules
Which scientist was described cells as “many little boxes”?
Robert Hool
What is the purpose of sterols in the plasma membrane?
insulate the cell and give it structure
Chromoplasts contain what?
a variety of pigments except chlorophyll
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
builds lipids such as cholesterol and functions in detoxification in liver cells
Describe lysosomes
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that destroy old or broken down cells and organelles
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
produce energy for cell activity
Mitchondrida contain their own DNA for what purpose?
organelle replication
Chromatin is a mass of genetic material composed of ___ and ___ that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division.
DNA; proteins
The diameter of most cells is between ___ and ___ microns.
10; 50
