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Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Spinal Cord

A 
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Dorsal roots (dorsal root ganglia)
Ventral roots
Spinal nerves
Lumbar enlargement
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Cauda equina
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2
Q

Breasts, anterior/lateral abdominal wall:

A 
Linea alba
Rectus abdominis
Rectus sheath
Tendinous intersections
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
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3
Q

“Breathing muscles”

A

Diaphragm (central tendon)
External intercostal
Internal intercosta

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4
Q

Muscles crossing shoulder joint

A 
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor/major
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
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5
Q

Muscles of neck and vert. column

A

Erector spinae

Quadratus lumborum

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6
Q

Muscles of the posterior thorax

A

Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

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7
Q

more muscles

A 
Deltoid
Subscapularis
Erector spinae
Subclavius
Innermost intercostals
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8
Q

Erector spinae

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

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9
Q

external intercostal muscles

A

begin at the vertebrae but do not extend all the way to the sternum

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10
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

begin at the sternum but do not extend all the way towards the vertebrae, found in the interior thoracic wall

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11
Q

superficial layer

A

external oblique

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12
Q

deep to external oblique

A

internal oblique

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13
Q

deep to internal oblique

A

transversus abdominis

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14
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres major

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15
Q

deepest muscle

A

quadratus lumborum

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16
Q

There are 4 major groups

A

prime mover (agonists), antagonists, synergists, and fixators

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17
Q

prime move (PM)

A

is the major muscle behind a specific movement; for example, the pectoralis major muscles are the PM of arm flexion

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18
Q

Antagonist

A

“against the leader” as the name implies, works in opposition to the PM

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19
Q

Synergist

A

work with prime mover muscles to limit any unnecessary movements made during a specific action

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20
Q

Fixators

A

provide a stable base for the PMs

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21
Q

4 major actions of muscle movements

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

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22
Q

abductor muscle

A

deltoid

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23
Q

adductor muscle

A

teres major and minor

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24
Q

triangle of auscultation

A

landmarks that medical professionals use to target the best area to listen to respiratory sounds, thinnest area of muscle

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25
Flexion
pectoralis major, deltoid
26
Extension
Latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid
27
Adbduction
deltoid, supraspinatus
28
Adduction
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
29
Medial rotation
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid, subscapularis
30
Lateral rotation
deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
31
location of triangle of auscultation
bordered by teres major and infraspinatus laterally, the trapezius medially, and latissimus dorsi inferiorly
32
Ausultation
the practice of listening to organ sounds, usually with stethoscope
33
shoulder joint is very moble
it is less stable and more prone to serious injuries
34
rotator cuff muscles
encircle the shoulder joint to provide some stability
35
Erector spinae
prime mover of back extension
36
Illiocostalis action
extend and laterally flex the vertebral columns
37
Longissimus action
extend and laterally flex vertebral columns
38
Spinalis action
extends vertebral column
39
Quadratus lumborum action
flexes vertebral column laterally
40
Illiocostalis
-Iliac crests; inferior 6 ribs -Angles of ribs (lumborum and thoracis)
41
Longissimus
- Transverse processes of lumbar | - Transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae to ribs
42
Spinalis
- Spinous process of upper lumbar and lower thoracic | - Spinous process of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
43
Quadratus lumborum
- Iliac crest and lumbar fascia | - Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and lower 12th margin of 12th rib
44
important skeletal landmarks to know for the muscles of the neck and vertebral columns are:
iliac crests, transverse and spinous processes, vertebrae, and ribs
45
external intercostal action
Pulls ribs toward one another to elevate the rib cage
46
internal intercostal action
Draw ribs together and depress rib cage
47
innermost intercostal action
Stabilizes intercostal space during respiration
48
diaphragm action
Prime mover of inspiration; flattens on contraction
49
external intercostal
- Inferior border of rib above | - Superior border of rib below
50
internal intercostal
-Superior border of rib below -Inferior border of rib above
51
innermost intercostal
- Superior border of rib below | - Inferior border of rib above
52
diaphragm
- Inferior and internal surface of rib cage and sternum | - Central tendon
53
Rectus abdominis action
Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column
54
external oblique action
Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
55
internal oblique action
Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
56
transversus abdominis action
Compress abdominal contents
57
Rectus abdominis
- Pubic crest and symphysis | - Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
58
external oblique
Linea alba
59
internal oblique
Linea alba; pubic crest; last 3 or 4 ribs
60
transversus abdominis
Linea alba; pubic crest
61
pectoralis minor action
Draws scapula anterior and inferiorly; draws rib cage superiorly
62
serratus anterior action
Rotates scapula
63
subclavius action
Helps stabilize and depress pectoral girdle
64
trapezius action
Stabilizes, raises, retracts scapula
65
levator scapulae action
Elevates/adducts scapula
66
rhomboid major/minor action
Stabilize scapula (“squaring shoulders”)
67
pectoralis minor
- Anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5 | - Coracoid process of scapula
68
serratus anterior
- Series of muscle slips (1-8) | - Entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
69
subclavius
- Costal cartilage of rib 1 | - Groove on inferior surface of clavicle
70
trapezius
- Occipital bone | - Continuous insertion along acromion
71
levator scapulae
- Transverse processes of C1-C4 | - Scapula
72
rhomboid major/minor
- Spinous process of C7 and T1 (minor) and T2 -T5 (major) | - Scapula
73
anterior and posterior thorax muscles
costal cartilage, occipital bone, transverse and spinous processes, acromion, scapula (including coracoid process)
74
Pectoralis major action
Prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially; adducts arm
75
Deltoid action
Prime mover of arm abduction; involved with arm flexion and extension
76
Latissimus dorsi action
Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder
77
Subscapularis action
Chief medial rotator of humerus
78
Supraspinatus action
Initiates abduction
79
Infraspinatus action
Rotates humerus laterally
80
Teres minor action
Same as infraspinatus
81
Teres major action
Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus
82
Pectoralis major
- Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 | - Fibers converge to a short tendon which inserts into intertubercular sulcus & humerus
83
Deltoid
-Insertion of trapezius; lateral clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula -Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
84
Latissimus dorsi
-Indirect attachment via lumbodorsal fascia into spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, and iliac crest -Spirals around teres major to insert in floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
85
Subscapularis
- Subscapular fossa of scapula | - Lesser tubercle of humerus
86
Supraspinatus
- Supraspinous fossa of scapula | - Superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
87
Infraspinatus
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula | - Greater tubercle of humerus
88
Teres minor
- Lateral border of dorsal scapular surface | - Greater tubercle of humerus
89
Teres major
- Posterior surface of scapula | - Lesser tubercle of humerus

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