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Cadaver > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anterior chest and shoulder:

A

Pectoralis major/minor
Serratus anterior
Deltoid

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2
Q

Anterior brachium:

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

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3
Q

Anterior antebrachium:

A

Pronator teres
Palmaris longus
Supinator

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4
Q

Anterior antebrachium:

A 
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
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5
Q

Nerves:

A

Median

Ulnar

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6
Q

Posterior brachium:

A 
Triceps brachii
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor pollicis longus
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7
Q

Muscles of arm/forearm:

A 
Anconeus
Coracobrachialis
Pronator quadratus
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis
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8
Q

Nerves:

A

Musculocutaneous
Radial
Axillary

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9
Q

Biceps brachii:

A

Long and short heads

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10
Q

Triceps brachii:

A

Long, lateral, and medial heads

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11
Q

“M” branches of the brachial plexus

A

musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve

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12
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervates the flexor muscles of the brachium and pierces the coracobrachialis muscle

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13
Q

intermuscular septum

A

divides the anterior compartment from the posterior compartment

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14
Q

border of the triangle

“cubital fossa”

A
  • “imaginary line” between the medial and lateral epicondyles
  • brachioradialis muscle
  • pronator teres muscle
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15
Q

structures in the cubital fossa

A

tendon of the biceps brachii, brachial artery (branching into the radial and ulnar arteries), and median nerve

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16
Q

deep to the cubital fossa

A

supinator

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17
Q

superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

sequential order: flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus (if present), flexor carpi ulnaris

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18
Q

snuffbox

A

proximal to distal are: abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus.

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19
Q

The abductor pollicis longus tendon extends to

A

the metacarpal

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20
Q

The extensor pollicis brevis tendon extends to

A

the proximal phalanx

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21
Q

The extensor policis longus tendon extends to

A

the distal phalanx

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22
Q

coracobrachialis

A

only muscle that does not cross the elbow joint, but instead crosses the shoulder joint—thus, it assists in arm movement

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23
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment that assist in flexion of the antebrachium are innervated by

A

the musculocutaneous nerve

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24
Q

muscles of the posterior

compartment are innervated by

A

the radial nerve

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25
coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by
the musculocutaneous nerve
26
brachioradialis muscle innervated by
the radial nerve, because the origin point stems the posterior side
27
triceps brachii
Radial nerve
28
Anconeus
Synergist to triceps | Radial nerve
29
Coracobrachialis*
Flexes and adducts humerus | Musculocutaneous nerve
30
Biceps brachii
Musculocutaneous nerve
31
Brachialis
(lifts ulna) | Musculocutaneous nerve
32
Brachioradialis
Radial nerve
33
The anterior side, or flexor side, of the antebrachium is innervated primarily by
the median nerve
34
carpal tunnel syndrome
affects the median nerve
35
flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by 2 nerves
ulnar and median
36
Pronator teres
Median nerve
37
Flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve
38
Palmaris longus
Tenses skin and fascia of hand during hand movements | Median nerve
39
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve
40
Flexor digitorum | superficialis
Median nerve
41
Flexor pollicis longus
Branch of median
42
Flexor digitorum profundus
Medial half by ulnar; lateral half by median
43
Pronator quadratus
PM of forearm pronation | Median nerve
44
venipuncture
median cubital fossa vein, triangular region anterior to the elbow joint
45
Other contents within the cubital fossa
biceps tendon, bifurcation of the brachial artery, and the median nerve
46
The posterior side, or extensor side, of the brachium is primarily innervated by
the radial nerve
47
Brachioradialis
Synergist in flexing forearm | Radial nerve
48
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial nerve
49
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Radial nerve
50
Extensor digitorum
PM of finger extension | Radial nerve
51
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Radial nerve
52
Supinator
Assists biceps brachii to forcibly supinate forearm | Radial nerve
53
Abductor pollicis longus
Radial nerve
54
Extensor pollicis brevis and longus
Radial nerve
55
Extensor indicis
Extends index finger | Radial nerve
56
radial fossa
or anatomical snuffbox, is a triangular-­shaped region just proximal to the thumb
57
tendons that border the snuffbox:
extensor pollicis longus (EPL) which forms the medial border abductor pollicis longus (APL) extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) which form the lateral border, and the styloid process of the radius which forms the proximal border
58
triangular region are 3 important structures
the radial artery, a branch of the radial nerve, and the cephalic vein
59
brachial plexus
5 major nerves of the upper limb come | from a plexus of nerves
60
brachial plexus originates from
from the spinal cord roots C5-­C8 and T1. The roots C5 and C6 form the superior trunk, root C7 forms the middle trunk, and roots C8 and T1 form the inferior trunk.
61
median nerve is pinched or compressed within the carpal tunnel of the wrist
Carpal tunnel syndrome
62
Symptoms include: | carpel tunnel syndrome
This can be seen in cases involving pregnancy or diabetes, where swelling is common, or even stem from repetitious movement (e.g. a baker kneading dough, piano player, etc.) that causes tendons and/or tendinous sheaths to swell. numbness, weakness, pain, and/or tingling of the hand
63
9 tendons and 1 nerve that run through the wrist
- 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis - 4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus - 1 tendon of the flexor pollicis longus - the median nerve
64
If medications and/or physical therapy cannot remedy the situation
surgery can be carried out to cut the flexor retinaculum (also called transverse carpal ligament) in order to “widen” the carpal tunnel and free its contents
65
Hirayama disease
neurological syndrome that usually affects men and causes severe muscular atrophy and weakness of the forearms and hands
66
corresponding nerves affected by Hirayama
brachial plexus stems from cervical spinal roots (and T1), thus when the cervical spinal cord atrophies
67
Erb’s palsy
associated with upper brachial plexus injury, where the nerves stemming from C5 and C6 are damaged
68
extended upper brachial plexus injury
Root C7 injured
69
two major nerves that come from these roots are (Erb's palsy)
the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves
70
if two major nerves are injured (the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves)
when damaged the patient will be unable to abduct the shoulder, laterally rotate the shoulder, supinate the forearm, and/or flex the upper limb
71
“waiter’s tip”
minimized mobility, the upper limb hangs limply, due to damaged nerves
72
Klumpke palsy occurs
when the lower brachial plexus is injured affecting the nerves stemming from C8 and T1
73
symptoms of “claw hands” are exhibited
because nerves primarily innervate the hand muscles in Klumpke palsy
74
Cases of Klumpke palsy are usually seen in difficult births
where the baby’s shoulder gets caught in the birth canal, causing a severe stretch between the neck and the shoulder resulting in hyper-­abduction of the arm
75
which nerves are affected in Klumpke
median and ulnar nerves
76
If a patient cannot extend the 4th and 5th fingers, he/she most likely has injured
ulnar nerve

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