Chapter 4

Question 1

This happens when babies learn from consistency, and they know their need will be met

Answer 1

Trust

Question 2

This happens when babies learn the world is unfriendly, harmful, and can only trust themselves rather than others

Answer 2

Mistrust

Question 3

What are the 4 phases of Infant Socialization and who came up with them

Answer 3

Bowlby:

1. Preattachment
2. Attachment-in-the-making
3. Clear-cut attachment
4. Goal-corrected partnership

Question 4

An emotional and affectionate bond between caregiver and child

Answer 4

attachment

Question 5

When a baby starts preferring the parent over others

Answer 5

attachment-in-the-making

Question 6

This is noticeable when the baby becomes motile and they really prefer the parent

Answer 6

clear-cut attachment

Question 7

when the baby is afraid of people they don’t know

Answer 7

stranger anxiety

Question 8

when the baby protests when the main caregiver leaves

Answer 8

separation anxiety

Question 9

when the babies smiling becomes more than just a reflex

Answer 9

preattachment

Question 10

Developed 8 stages that emphasize early over late-life, nurture over nature, and qualitative over quantitative. Who am I?

Answer 10

Erikson

Question 11

This is a state of attachment when a child is becoming more independent with goals and will try to manipulate situations

Answer 11

Goal-corrected Partnership

Question 12

When a child notices and reads other people’s emotions

Answer 12

social referencing

Question 13

A child will have multiple attachments, but at different times will seek certain people

Answer 13

Attachment Preferences

Question 14

This is when a baby is considered “healthy” and they feel comfortable in strange situations as long as the parent is in the room

Answer 14

Secure attachment

Question 15

This is a type of attachment where the baby will ignore the parent

Answer 15

insecure-avoidant attachment

Question 16

This is a type of attachment where the baby won’t explore the room and will rather cling to the parent

Answer 16

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

Question 17

This is a type of attachment where the baby will completely stop exploring the room

Answer 17

Disorganized attachment

Question 18

What kind of parenting styles might be observed with an insecure-avoidant child

Answer 18

an unobservant parent who doesn’t engage with the child

Question 19

What kind of parenting styles might be observed with an anxious-ambivalent child

Answer 19

The parents only engage on their own terms or not at all

Question 20

What kind of parenting styles might be observed with a disorganized child

Answer 20

There may be abuse in the home. The child may be stopped from exploring

Question 21

What are the two influences on attachment

Answer 21

1. cross-cultural variations

2. infant temperament

Question 22

This is an inborn characteristic way of responding to events

Answer 22

temperament

Question 23

this kind of temperament in a child causes them to get onto a schedule very easily. They are rhythmic and adjustable

Answer 23

Easy temperament

Question 24

This kind of temperament in a child causes them to get on a schedule easily, but most changes come with a protest. They will not adjust immediately

Answer 24

Slow-to-warm-up temperament

Question 25

This kind of temperament in a child causes them to be unpredictable, hard to soothe, upsets easily, and has an inconsistent schedule

Answer 25

Difficult temperament

Question 26

This is a match between biological tendencies and environmental demands

Answer 26

Goodness-of-fit

Question 27

Sets up an emotional dance; responding to each other's emotions. (ex. backing off when the baby needs a break)

Answer 27

Interactive Synchrony

Question 28

What are some of the consequences of poverty on a child

Answer 28

Cognitive consequences. children will lack education and learning from books and toys that they don't have

Question 29

What might a home setting look like from someone in poverty

Answer 29

It may not be as safe. Could have lead pipes which mean that children are exposed to lead poisoning

Question 30

this program was created to overcome educational differences

Answer 30

Head Start

Question 31

What are some of the educational results of the Head Start program

Answer 31

The kids in the program show less aggression and show an educational gain. There is also a higher graduation rate as well as SAT scores

Question 32

What kind of parent involvement is in the Head Start program

Answer 32

The program provides parental instruction

Question 33

What things should you consider and factor in if you plan to send a child to daycare

Answer 33

1. staff turnover 2. limiting daycare time to 20hrs a week 3. considering when to go back to work