Chapter 5

Question 1

mass-to-specific principle

Answer 1

gross to fine motor skills; clumsy to coordinated

Question 2

big body movements, require balance, strength and coordination

Answer 2

gross motor

Question 3

emerges naturally(kicking/throwing)

Answer 3

fundamental gross motor

Question 4

learning, sometimes need lessons

Answer 4

specialized gross motor

Question 5

coordinating small movements

Answer 5

fine motor

Question 6

an example of this is drawing

Answer 6

fundamental fine motor

Question 7

something you go to a class for (ex. painting)

Answer 7

specialized fine motor

Question 8

4 ways to encourage motor skills

Answer 8

1. readiness
2. practice
3. competence motivation
4. feedback

Question 9

Piaget’s preoperational stage

Answer 9

before they can do something logical mental manipulation and transformation of information

Question 10

using one object to represent something else

Answer 10

symbolic representation

Question 11

self-centered; everything is from their own point of view.

Answer 11

egocentrism

Question 12

certain properties that stay the same fro people and objects

Answer 12

identity constancy

Question 13

Non-living object have human characteristics

Answer 13

animism

Question 14

belief that all things are man-made

Answer 14

artificialism

Question 15

the original amount of something remains the same despite changes in appearance, so long as you don’t add or subtract substance

Answer 15

conservation

Question 16

they think best with things they directly observe on their own. Think best with something they can manipulate

Answer 16

concrete

Question 17

focusing on only one part of the situation

Answer 17

centering

Question 18

cannot think backward

Answer 18

irreversibility

Question 19

things they can directly observe and objects they can manipulate

Answer 19

concrete thought

Question 20

they can mentally undo/reverse thoughts

Answer 20

reversible

Question 21

they can take into account multiple pieces of a situation

Answer 21

decentration

Question 22

once a child has the capability to perform a certain task or function they don’t know how to immediately apply the concept to other functions or tasks that share the same conceptual ideation.

Answer 22

horizontal decalage

Question 23

putting things into a series (big to smallest)

Answer 23

seriation classification

Question 24

can consider other people’s point of view

Answer 24

less egocentric

Question 25

confusing thought process with age

Answer 25

underestimating age

Question 26

understanding that other people have thoughts

Answer 26

theory of mind

Question 27

kids understand reality (not to eat plastic fruit)

Answer 27

realism

Question 28

building our knowledge with help from others

Answer 28

social constructivist

Question 29

children can almost do something by themselves; getting near, children feel challenged, but not overwhelmed

Answer 29

zone of proximal development

Question 30

temporary assistance; slowly removed

Answer 30

scaffolding

Question 31

ability to recognize, recall or relearn previously practiced behavior or knowledge

Answer 31

memory

Question 32

tested whether babies have memory

Answer 32

Rovee-Collier Mobile Study

Question 33

better at selecting than generating

Answer 33

recognition and recall

Question 34

common essential elements associated with a particular event

Answer 34

event scripts and sequential understanding

Question 35

type of memory that sorts through sensations

Answer 35

sensory memory

Question 36

working memory. improves during childhood

Answer 36

short-term memory

Question 37

memory warehouse. improves during middle childhood

Answer 37

long-term memory

Question 38

5 types of learning techniques

Answer 38

1. rehearsal 2. chunking 3. organizing 4. imagery 5. mnemonic device

Question 39

Preschoolers are just starting this type of attention

Answer 39

control of attention

Question 40

picking out what is important and forgetting the rest. Remembering what is relevant

Answer 40

selective attention

Question 41

Impulsive; quick to do things; disorganization. difficulty paying attention. usually given meds (aderol)

Answer 41

ADD/ADHD

Question 42

they way kids speak to themselves. they talk through their actions. connecting thoughts and helps control behavior

Answer 42

Inner Speech

Question 43

changing words to change their meaning. understanding/using different tenses of words

Answer 43

morphology

Question 44

once they learn a rule they use it too much

Answer 44

overregularization

Question 45

using a particular word for too many things

Answer 45

overextension

Question 46

not using a word for everything it could be applied to

Answer 46

underextension