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Abnormal Child Psychology > Chapter 4- Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Flashcards

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1
Q

what does that decision-making process begin with

A

clinical assessment

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2
Q

what is clinical assessment

A

systematic problem-solving strategies to understand children with disturbances and their family and school environments

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3
Q

Flexible, ongoing hypothesis testing assesses:

A

A child’s emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functioning; the role of environmental factors; nature, causes, and likely outcomes of the problem

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4
Q

what do Idiographic case formulation assessments focus on

A

obtaining detailed understanding of the child or family as a unique entity

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5
Q

what does the Nomothetic formulation emphasize

A

general inferences that apply to large groups of individuals

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6
Q

who are at the greatest risk of misdiagnosis

A

Ethnic minority youth

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7
Q

Cultural information is necessary to: -5

A

Establish relationship with child and family
Motivate family members to change
Obtain valid information
Arrive at accurate diagnosis
Develop meaningful treatment recommendations

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8
Q

what are culture-bound syndromes

A

Recurrent patterns of maladaptive behaviors and/or troubling experiences associated with different cultures or localities

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9
Q

more commonly reported problems among males

A

ADHD
ASD
childhood conduct disorder
Intellectual disability
Language disorder
Specific learning disorder
Enuresis

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10
Q

more commonly reported problems among females

A

anxiety disorders
eating disorders
sexual abuse
adolescent depression

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11
Q

equally reported problems among males and females

A

adolescent conduct disorder
childhood depression
feeding disorder
physical abuse and neglect

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12
Q

Basic information about child development norms is crucial in

A

understanding why a child may be referred to professionals

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13
Q

__ and __ typically define childhood disorders

A

Age inappropriateness and symptoms

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14
Q

____ in the child’s functioning is a key consideration

A

Impairment

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15
Q

what is the first step to description and diagnosis of assessment

A

clinical description summarizes the child’s unique behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that together make up the features of the child’s psychological disorder

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16
Q

a diagnosis involves analyzing ___

A

information and drawing conclusions about the nature or cause of the problem

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17
Q

what is a prognosis

A

the formulation of predictions about future behavior under specified conditions

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18
Q

what is important for a clinical assessment to work

A

methods need to be reliable, valid, cost-effective, and useful for treatment

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19
Q

a clinical assessment reveals ____

A

the child’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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20
Q

a comprehensive assessment evaluates ___

A

a child’s strengths and weaknesses across many domains

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21
Q

clinical interviews provide

A

a large amount of information during a brief period and include a family history

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22
Q

a behavioral assessment evaluates the

A

child’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in specific settings

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23
Q

what are the “ABCs of assessment

A

observe the:

Antecedents
Behaviors
Consequences of the behaviors

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24
Q

example of the ABC of assessment

A

A: teased at school
B: refused to go to school
C: no teasing

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25
Behavioral Assessments allow for a childs
behavior to be compared with a known reference group
26
Parents or other observers record ______ to provide information about behaviors in real-life settings
baseline data
27
clinician may set up ____ to observe children and their families
role-play simulation
28
psychological tests are ___ and the purpose is to
tasks given under standard conditions assess some aspect of the child’s knowledge, skill, or personality
29
A child’s scores are compared with
a norm group
30
what is the code of fair testing practices
Guidelines which increase clinicians’ sensitivity to cultural factors
31
developmental tasks are used in ____
Screening, diagnosing, and evaluating infants and young children and identify those at risk
32
intelligence testing evaluates a child's ___
intellectual and educational functioning
33
what is one of most frequently used intelligence scales
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)
34
3 other commonly administered tests
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-R) Stanford-Binet-5 (SB5) Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC-II)
35
projective testing presents a child with ___
ambiguous stimuli and asking the child to describe what he or she sees The child projects his or her own personality, including unconscious fears, needs, and inner conflicts, on the ambiguous stimuli
36
personality testing what are the central dimensions of personality- the big 5 factors
Timid or bold Agreeable or disagreeable Dependable or undependable Tense or relaxed Reflective or unreflective
37
Neuropsychological Assessment attempts to link
brain functioning with objective measures of behavior known to depend on an intact central nervous system
38
what is classification
system for representing the major categories or dimensions of child psychopathology
39
2 strategies for determining the best plan for a given individual
Ideographic strategies Nomothetic strategies
40
Ideographic strategies highlight ___
a child's unique situation
41
Nomothetic strategies are employed to
Benefit from all the information accumulated on a given problem or disorder Determine the general category to which the problem belongs
42
Categorical classification systems are based primarily on
informed professional consensus
43
A “classical/pure” categorical approach: every diagnosis has a ___ and
clear underlying cause each disorder is fundamentally different from other disorders
44
dimensional classification has
any independent dimensions that exist
45
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual is
A multiaxial system consisting of five axes
46
what are the 5 axes that make up the DSM
Clinical disorders or conditions Personality disorders and intellectual disability General medical conditions Psychosocial and environmental problems Global assessment of functioning
47
3 criticisms to the DSM
1. Fails to capture the complex adaptations, transactions, and setting influences crucial to understanding and treating child psychopathology 2. Gives less attention to disorders of infancy/childhood 3. Fails to capture the interrelationships and overlap known to exist among many childhood disorders
48
3 pros to diagnostic labels
1. Help clinicians summarize and order observations 2. Facilitate communication among professionals 3. Aid parents by providing recognition and understanding of their child’s problem
49
3 cons to diagnostic labels
1. Disagreement about effectiveness of labels to achieve their purposes 2. Negative effects and stigmatization 3. Can negatively influence children’s views of themselves and their behavior
50
interventions today are planned by combining ___
the most effective approaches to a particular problem
51
___ is needed to show that interventions work
data
52
Development of evidence-based interventions has led to a
growing awareness of children’s and families’ cultural contexts
53
the cultural compatibility hypothesis states that
Treatment is likely to be more effective when compatible with the cultural patterns of the child and family
54
4 outcomes related to child functioning- treatment goals
Reduce or eliminate symptoms Reduce degree of impairment in functioning Enhance social competence Improve academic performance
55
4 outcomes related to family functioning
Reduce level of family dysfunction Improve marital and sibling relationships Reduce stress Enhance family support
56
5 outcomes to societal importance
Improve child’s participation in school-related activities Decrease involvement in juvenile justice system Reduce need for special services Reduce accidental injuries or substance abuse Enhance physical and mental health
57
AACAP and APA ethical code provide
minimum ethical standards
58
what do the AACAP and APA do
Select treatment goals and procedures that are in the best interest of the client Ensure participation is active and voluntary Keep records to document treatment effectiveness Protect confidentiality Ensure therapist’s qualifications and competencies
59
more than 70% of clinicians use an ____
eclectic approach
60
Psychodynamic treatments view child psychopathology as determined by
underlying unconscious and conscious conflicts
61
Psychodynamic treatments focus on
helping the child develop an awareness of unconscious factors contributing to problems
62
behavioral treatments assume that ___ and focus on ____
behaviors are learned re-educating the child
63
procedures of behavior treatments are- 4
Positive reinforcement or time-out Modeling Systematic desensitization Changes in the child’s environment
64
cognitive treatments view abnormal behavior as the result of ___ and focus on
deficits and/or distortions in the child’s thinking\ changing faulty cognitions
65
client- centered treatments focus on ____
creating a therapeutic setting which provides unconditional acceptance of the child
66
family treatments view ___ and focus on ___
individual disorders as manifestations of disturbances in family relations the family issues underlying children’s problematic behavior
67
biological treatments view child psychopathology as resulting from ___
psychobiological impairment or dysfunction
68
there are __ main approaches in developing best practice guidelines
two
69
The ____ approach derives guidelines from a review of current research findings
scientific
70
The _____ approach uses experts’ opinions to fill gaps in scientific literature
expert-consensus
71
fewer that __% of treatments demonstrate evidence for reducing impairment in life functioning
20

Abnormal Child Psychology (7 decks)

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