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Psychology > Chapter 4: Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Consciousness Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

Awareness of everything around you and inside your mind

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2
Q

What is a waking state?

A

Alert state, thoughts are organized

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3
Q

What is an altered state?

A

A shift in quality/pattern of mental activity

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4
Q

Give an example of an altered state

A

Day dreaming or sleep

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5
Q

What is selective attention?

A

It allows us to focus on one stimulus and block out others

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6
Q

Give an example of selective attention

A

Focused on taking notes, not focused on our clothes on our skin

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7
Q

What is the cocktail party phenomenon?

A

Conversations are going on around you, you only pay attention to one

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8
Q

Give an example of the cocktail party phenomenon

A

You are talking in the lunch room with friends and then you hear your name in another conversation so you focus on that conversation

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9
Q

What is divided attention?

A

Multiple tasks can be performed at once

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10
Q

Give an example of divided attention

A

When you first drive, you are very attentive, when you have driven for awhile, you know where you are going and paying less attention

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11
Q

What are circadian rhythms?

A

The cycle of bodily activity that occurs over 24 hours

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12
Q

What are circadian rhythms controlled by?

A

The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus

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13
Q

What happens to the sleep-wake cycle when the SCN is deprived?

A

It lengthens to 25 hours

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14
Q

What happens when sleep deprivation occurs for one night?

A

Concentration and simple tasks are difficult, focusing becomes hard

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15
Q

What happens when sleep deprivation occurs for three nights?

A

Micro-sleeping occurs (zoning out into sleep period)

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16
Q

What happens when sleep deprivation occurs for four nights?

A

Paranoia and hallucinations

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17
Q

What is the adaptive theory?

A

Sleep has survival value because you store energy during sleep

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18
Q

What is the restorative theory?

A

Sleep allows us to repair

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19
Q

What form of technology identifies REM and nREM sleep?

A

EEG

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20
Q

What happens in stage 1 of sleep?

A

Very light sleep, hypnic jerks

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21
Q

What waves occur in stage 1 sleep?

A

Beta, alpha, theta.

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22
Q

What happens in stage 2 sleep?

A

Sleep is deeper, spindles appear

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23
Q

What happens in stage 3 sleep?

A

Deep sleep, spindles disappear, delta waves appear

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24
Q

What happens in stage 4 sleep?

A

Continuous delta waves, growth hormone is produced

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25
What is somnambulism?
Sleepwalking
26
What is somniloquy?
Sleep talking
27
What are night terrors?
Panic and sudden activity
28
What is REM sleep and what occurs during it?
Rapid Eye Movement, most dreaming occurs, paralyzed to bed due to signals from motor cortex being blocked
29
What is REM rebound?
When you are deprived of REM, you spend extra time in REM the next night
30
What stage of sleep occurs before REM sleep?
Stage 2
31
What did Freud believe about dreams?
He thought dreams were symbolic of unconscious desires
32
What is manifest content?
Actual events that occur in dreams
33
What is latent content?
Unconscious thoughts that create dreams
34
What is activation synthesis?
Brain making sense out of randomness
35
What is the cognitive theory?
Involuntary problem solving and role in learning
36
What is activation information mode(AIM)?
Recent learning experiences influence interpretation of randomness
37
What are nightmares?
Bad dreams
38
What is REM behavior disorder?
Rare disorder in which motor cortex messages are not blocked out, nightmares are acted out
39
What is insomnia?
The inability to get sleep, stay asleep, get good quality of sleep
40
What is sleep apnea?
Breathing stops while asleep, snoring is indicator
41
What is a common treatment for sleep apnea?
CPAP machine because it keeps the airway open
42
What is narcolepsy?
Sudden, uncontrollable REM sleep during the day
43
What is hypnosis?
State of relaxation and openness to suggestion
44
What is coercion?
Subjects in hypnosis are in control and won't commit acts against will
45
What is the neodissociative theory?
One part of consciousness separates from another
46
What is the hypnotist responder?
They accept suggestions
47
What is the hidden observer?
They monitor, but don't interfere
48
What is the social cognitive theory?
People play a role without altering their state of consciousness
49
What are psychoactive drugs?
Drugs that alter thinking, perception, or memory
50
What is physical dependence on drug?
Body craves the drug
51
What is drug tolerance?
After repeated use, increased dosage is needed
52
What is drug withdrawal?
Body's reaction to absence of drug
53
What is psychological dependence?
Mind depends on drug for well-being
54
What are stimulants?
Drug increases activity of nervous system
55
Give examples of stimulants
Amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine
56
What are depressants?
Drug decreases activity of nervous system
57
Give examples of depressants
Barbiturates, alcohol, benzodiazepines (xanax, valium)
58
What are narcotics?
Suppress pain by binding to receptor sites for endorphins
59
Give examples of narcotics
Opium, morphine, heroin
60
What are hallucinogens?
Drug that induces distorted perception and hacllucinations
61
Give examples of hallucinogens
Manufactured highs (LSD, PCP, ecstasy), non manufactured (mescaline, psilocynin), marijuana
62
What does treatment look like for psychoactive drugs?
Support from family, steady employment, and length of treatment
63
Why does treatment fail for psychoactive drugs?
8/10 addicts relapse after rehab

Psychology (12 decks)

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