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PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging > Chapter #4: Longevity, Health, & Functioning > Flashcards

Chapter #4: Longevity, Health, & Functioning Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is the longest verified human lifespan?

A

Jeanne Calment; 122 years

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2
Q

Average Longevity

A
  • the average life expectancy
  • refers to the age that HALF of the individuals who are born a particuar year will have died
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3
Q

What is the average longevity of the United States?

A

79 Years Old

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4
Q

At age 65, U.S. women can be expected to live 20 more years, why?

A
  • declines in infant mortality rates
  • eliminating diseases
  • better healthcare
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5
Q

Maximum Longevity

A

the oldest age to which any individual of a species lives

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6
Q

What is the estimated Maximum Longevity for humans?

A

120 Years

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7
Q

Active Life Expectancy

A

the age to which one can expect to live independently

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8
Q

Dependent Life Expectancy

A

the age to which someone can expect to live with assistance

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9
Q

What are some of the Genetic Factors that influence Longevity?

A
  • Family history
  • Gene mutations
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10
Q

What are some Enviornmental Factors that influence Longevity?

A
  • Diseases
  • Toxins
  • Lifestyle
  • SES
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11
Q

Ethnic Differences in Average Longevity

A

African Americans vs. White Europeans
* 4 years less for Men
* 3 years less for women
* By age 85, African Americans outlive White Europeans

Latinos have longest longevity

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12
Q

Gender Differences in Longevity

A

Women’s longevity lasts 5 more years at birth
* Infanticide of baby girls has been further prevented with better access to healthcare

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13
Q

International Differences in Longevity

A
  • Less indunstrializaed countires have much shorter life expectancies
  • Influenced by the majority of the population is youth
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14
Q

Health

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being

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15
Q

Illness

A

the prescence of a physical or mental disease or impairment

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16
Q

Why are Self-Health ratings useful?

A
  1. Captures more aspects of health than other measures
  2. reflects changes in respondent’s health and life circumstances, experiences, and expectations
  3. Assessment of internal and external resources
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17
Q

Health-Related Quality of Life

A

all of the aspects of life that are affect by changes in one’s health status

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18
Q

Non-Health-Related Quality of Life

A

things in the environment that can affect our overall experience and enjoyment in life
Ex: entertainment, economic resources

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19
Q

Autoimmunity

A

the process by which the immune system begins attacking the body

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20
Q

Psychonerroimmunology

A

the study of relations between psychological, neurological, and immunological systems that raise or lower risk of disease

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21
Q

Acute Diseases

A

conditions that develop over a short period of time and cause a rapid change in health

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22
Q

Chronic Diseases

A

conditions that last a longer period of time and may be accompanied by residual impairment and need long-term management

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23
Q

Stress & Coping Paradigm

A

views stress not as an enviornmental stimulus, but as the interaction of a thinking person and event

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24
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

first time one views a situation
* Is it irrelevant, positive, or stressful?

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25
Secondary Appraisal
evaluating our percieved ability to cope with harm, threat, or challenge * What can I do? * How likely is it that I can use one of my options succesfully?
26
Reappraisal
involves making a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from changes in the situation * Can either increase or decrease stress
27
Coping
attempts to deal with stress
28
Problem-Focused Coping
attempting to tackle problems head one Ex: flashcards, rehearsing a speech
29
Emotion-Focused Coping
dealing with one's feelings about the stressful events Ex: breathing exercises, affirmations
30
Diabetes
Metabolic syndrome Pancrease produces an insufficient glucose
31
Type I Diabetes
develops earlier in life and requires the use of insulin
32
Type II Diabetes
develops in adulthood and managed through diet
33
What is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States?
Cancer
34
What are the most common forms of cancer?
Women: Breast Men: Prostate
35
Incontinence
loss of the ability to control urination and bowel movements
36
Stress Incontinence
pressure on the abdomen excedes the ability to resist urinary flow
37
Urge Incontinence
CNS problem after stroke or UTI
38
Overflow Incontinence
improper contraction of the kidneys causes overdistened
39
Functional Incontinence
physical disability or cognitive impairment that makes them unaware of the need to urinate
40
Absorption
the time needed for a medication to enter the bloodstream
41
Drug Metabolism
the process of getting rid of medications in the bloodstream through the liver
42
Drug Excretion
the process of eliminating medications through the kidneys via urine, sweat, feces
43
Polypharmacy
the use of multiple medications
44
Disability
the effects of chronic conditions on people's ability to engage in activites
45
Compression of Morbidity
the average age of onset of disability is postponed to later in life
46
Risk Factors
long standing behaviors or conditions that increase one's chances of functional limitaton or disability
47
Extraindividual Factors
environment & healthcare * Interventions, surgery, medications, social support
48
Intraindividual Factors
behavior and personality * exercise program, keeping positive attitude
49
Exacerbators
situations that make situatons worse
50
Functional Health Status
how well the person is functioning in daily life
51
Hierarchy of Loss
sequence of the loss of functional abilities
52
Sacropenia
age related loss of muscle mass and strength
53
Activites of Daily Living (ADLs)
basic self-care tasks * eating, bathing, walking
54
Instrumental Activites of Daily Living (IADLs)
actions that require more planning * shopping, paying bills
55
Physical Limitations
activites that reflect functional limitation such as walking a block, or sitting
56
Phase 1 of General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm * mobolize/get ready to act
57
Phase 2 of General Adaption Syndrome
Resistance efforts to cope with stressor
58
Phase 3 of General Adaptation Syndrome
Exhaustion depletion of energy/inner strength
59
Gender Differences in Stress
women * oxytocin (cuddle hormone) * tend & befriend Men * testosterone * fight or flight
60
Transactional Model of Stress
the impact of the stressor is wholly dependent on our perception and appraisal of the stressor
61
Environmental Press Model
all of us have a certain level of competence and enviornmental demands * for every level of competence, there is a certain amount of environmental press that fits well (adaptation level)
62
High Competence + Low Environmental Press
Bordemon, no challenge
63
Low Competence + High Environmental Press
Overwhelming
64
More environmental pressure =
Maximum Performance Zone
65
Less environmental pressure =
Zone of Maximum Comfort
66
Too much or too less environmental pressure
Maladaptive
67
3 ways to enhance positive affect
1. Infuse routine events with positive meaning 2. appraise events in a positive way 3. use problem focused coping
68
What type of stress is good?
Acute Stress
69
Benefits of Acute Stress
neuroplasticity, body efficiency, healing, high accountability, autonomy
70
What type of stress is bad?
Chronic Stress
71
Dangers of Chronic Stress
lack of control, immunosupression, cardiovascular impacts, decreased prefrontal function

PSYC415: Adulthood & Aging (12 decks)

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