Chapter #8: Social Cognition Flashcards
(48 cards)
Stereotypes
a special type of social knowledge strucutre, or social belief; represent socially shared beliefs about charactersitics and behaviors of a particular social group
Age-Based Double Standard
operating when an individual attributes an older person’s failure in memory as more serious than a memory failure observed in young adults
Implicit Stereotyping
stereotype beliefs that affect your judgements of individuals without you being aware of it
* overlearned and spontaneously activated
* Influence our behavior with/without awareness
Implicit Assocation Test (IAT)
a measure of implicit bias that asks individuals to categorize images as fast as they can based on indicators
* if you have a negativie stereotyp = slower response time
Imagined Intergroup Contact
a strategy that involves imagining yourself having a positive interaction with a member of stereotypes group
Focusees on 4 indicators
1. Attitudes
2. Emotions
3. Intentions
4. Behaviors
Stereotype Threat
an evoked fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype about a group to which an individual belongs
* anyone is vulnerable to cues in your environment
* beleifs of threats influence performance ability
* What do you believe is ture about aging has very important consequences of what you actually experience
3 Concepts to Understanding Age Differences in Social Beliefs
- Examine the specific context of social beliefs
- Strenght of these beliefs to know under what conditions that may influence behavior
- The likelihood of these beliefs are automatically activated when a person is confronted when beliefs are being violated/questioned
Labeling Theory
Perception of aging theory that argues we confront age-related stereotypes, older adults are more likely to integrate it into their self-perception
Self-Perception of Aging
refers to a person’s perception of their own age and aging process
Resilience Theory
theory of perception that argues confronting negative stereotypes results in a rejection of that view in favor of a more positive self-percetpion
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
A person’s ability:
* to recognize their own and other people’s emotions
* correctly identify and appropriately tell the difference between them
* Use the info to help guide our thinking and behavior
What 2 Aspects does Emotional Intelligence consist of?
- Traits that reflect a person’s self-perceived dispoitions and abilities
- The ability that reflects the person’s success at processing emotional information and using it in social interactions
Impression Formation
the way we form and revise first impression about others
In a vigenette study on Impression Formation, what did the results say about older adults?
- Older adults were more likely to change their impression of a target from positive to negative
- Young adults revised both
Negativity Bias
weighing negative information more heavily than positive information in social judgement
* Older adults pay attention and seek out emotional information
* Older adults take more time to make a social judgement
* process information and consider all aspects
Social Knowledge
a cognitive structure that represents one’s general knowledge about a given social concept or domain
What impacts Social Knowledge?
- Having available stored representations
- How to apply those memories in various situations
- Easy access to memory
Source Judgement
process of accessing knowledge where in one attempts to determine when one obtained a particular piece of information
Causal Attributions
explanations people construct to explain behavior
Dispositional Attributions
an explanation for someone’s behavior that resides within the actor
Situational Attributions
an explanation that the cause resides outside the actor
Correspondence Bias
the tendecy to draw interferences about older people’s dispositions from behavior that can be fully explained through situational factors
* Also known as Fundamental Attribution Error
Blanchard-Fields presented pariticipants with different situations with positive and negative outcomes, and asked them to explain the behavior.
What were the results?
Age Differences
* Older adults blamed the protagonist (dispositional)
* Younger adults blamed the situation (situational)
Explanations people create depend on
* Type of situation e.g. relationship or acheivement
* Age of person
* Whether strong social beleifs have been violated
* Context information must be salient
Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Model
model that suggests development occurs as we udpate our personal goals to match available resources to obtain those goals
* choose goals based on interests, goals, strengths
* With age; focus shifts towards physical health and socio-emotional domains
