Chapter 4 Part II

Question 1

blood flow into capillaries is controlled by: (4)

Answer 1

metarterioles
AVA’s
lumen size of terminal arteriole
pre-capillary sphincters

Question 2

cells are a single layer of flattened endothelial cells

Answer 2

capillary structure

Question 3

_______ vesicles form tiny pockets through cytoplasm (in capillary) that function to move ______

Answer 3

pinocytotic

large molecules

Question 4

cell junction btwn endothelial cells of capillaries are ______ , which function to move MACROmolecules and allow for ______

Answer 4

fasciae occludens

cell movement

Question 5

MC type of capillaries are ________, which are found (3)

Answer 5

continuous capillaries
muscle
CT
many organs

Question 6

often considered to be residual mesenchyme cells

• numerous on capillaries and venules
• can secrete basement membrane and matrix components
• CAN DIVIDE*

Answer 6

pericytes

Question 7

pericytes can change into: (3)

Answer 7

endothelial cells
smooth muscle
fibroblasts

Question 8

functions of pericytes (2)

Answer 8

healing

regulate blood flow (influence lumen size)

Question 9

modified continuous capillary in CNS have ______ INSTEAD OF fasciae occludes

barrier regulation by endothelium but influenced by astrocytes

Answer 9

zonula occludens

Question 10

location of fenestrated capillaries (3)

Answer 10

pancreas
intestines
endocrine organs

Question 11

_____: pores with thin protein diaphragm containing 8 fibrils that function to allow for ______ of molecules and cells

Answer 11

fenestrated capillaries

greater movement

Question 12

capillaries that are found in:
bone marrow
liver
spleen
lymphatic organs
certain endocrine organs

Answer 12

sinusoidal capillaries

Question 13

structure of sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 13

enlarged diameter

many large fenestra with NO protein diaphragm

Question 14

function of sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 14

enhanced exchange between blood and tissue

Question 15

Veins are similar to arteries because have ______

Answer 15

3 tunics

Question 16

veins are DIFFERENT than arteries because (3):

Answer 16

not as uniform in structure
often larger
more veins

Question 17

two flaps of tunica intima and fibroelastic CT

Answer 17

valves

Question 18

functions of valves:
1 protection by preventing ________
2 works with _______ to keep blood moving

Answer 18

backflow

skeletal muscle

Question 19

venules are determined by ______ NOT diameter

Answer 19

tunics

Question 20

postcapillary venules have NO ____ OR _____, and a _______ with endothelium (small amount of CT and numerous pericytes)

Answer 20

tunica media
tunica adventitia
tunica intima

Question 21

collecting venules have _____ with ENDOTHELIUM and small amount of CT, NO _______ and _____ with CT, fibroblasts and some pericytes

Answer 21

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

Question 22

muscular venules have ALL 3 TUNICS: ______ is incomplete ______ layer

Answer 22

tunica media

smooth muscle

Question 23

an incomplete tunica media allows products of inflammation through to loosen endothelial cell junctions so will end up with _______

Answer 23

leaky venules

Question 24

_____ are similar to venules except a COMPLETE TUNICA MEDIA

Answer 24

small veins

Question 25

tunica intima of _______ is composed of endothelium, basal lamina, CT with reticular fibers, sometimes elastic fiber network (NO IEL)

Answer 25

medium veins

Question 26

______ of medium veins is composed of smooth muscle, collagen, fibroblasts

Answer 26

tunica media

Question 27

______ in medium veins is usually THICKEST layer; CT with collagen and elastic fibers and a few smooth muscles cells; vasa vasorum is possible

Answer 27

tunica adventitia

Question 28

_____ in large veins is very similar to medium veins

Answer 28

tunica intima

Question 29

______ in large veins is complete, but THIN

Answer 29

tunica media

Question 30

_____ is usually the thickest layer in LARGE veins

Answer 30

tunica adventitia

Question 31

exceptions to typical structure of veins- | in superficial veins of legs, ______ is WELL DEVELOPED

Answer 31

tunica media

Question 32

exceptions to typical structure of veins- in pulmonary veins, _______ is WELL DEVELOPED TUNICA ADVENTITIA- some ____ muscle close to ____

Answer 32

tunica media | cardiac muscle close to heart

Question 33

exceptions to typical structure of veins- | in vena cava- TUNICA ADVENTITIA- some ____ close to _____

Answer 33

cardiac muscle close to heart

Question 34

exceptions to typical structure of veins- in IVC | tunica adventitia has some _______ close to _____ and some LONGITUDINAL smooth muscle

Answer 34

smooth muscle close to heart

Question 35

enlarged and winding superficial veins in legs

Answer 35

varicose veins

Question 36

possible causes of varicose veins (3)

Answer 36

loss of skeletal muscle tone around the veins degeneration of vessel wall valve incompetence

Question 37

varicose veins in lower esophagus; common in alcoholics, cause by portal HTN

Answer 37

esophageal varices

Question 38

varicose veins at the end of the anal canal

Answer 38

hemorrhoids