Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards by Danielle Goins

Support protection movement mineral storage and hematopoiesis

Skeletal system functions

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Motion maintenance of posture and production of heat

Muscular system function

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Please continually send impulses that stimulate the muscle cells

Nerve cells

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The point of contact between the nerve ending and muscle fibers

Neuromuscular junction

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Small gap opening in nerve cells

Synaptic cleft

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These must travel across the synaptic cleft and is filled with tissue fluid

Impulses

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Travel through the fluid to stimulate muscle fibers

Neurotransmitter

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Is the narrow transmitters for skeletal muscle tissue

ACH

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Breaks down the ACH once the message is transferred

Cholinesterase

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Involves radio into the subaract noise face at the lumbar spine to x-ray spinal cord and the vertebral column

Myelogram

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A lumbar puncture at the cervical or lumbar area

Spinal tap

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This is the most common discomfort after a myelogram

Headache

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When this is used in a myelogram it’s absorbed by the body and then urine excretes it

Water soluble

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After a myelogram the patient is to stay in this position for 8 hours to keep the dye in the lower space to reduce cerebral spinal fluid leakage

Semi Fowler’s position

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Headache stiff neck leg weakness or difficulty voiding

Risk after a myelogram

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Seizure infection drowsiness severe headache numbness and paralysis

Rare symptoms of a myelogram

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Rheumatoid arthritis

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This is the most serious form of arthritis and it can lead to severe joint deformity and it is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

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Inflammation of the synovial membrane

Synovitis

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Smoking bacterial and viral diseases

Risk for rheumatoid arthritis

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Freely movable synovial joints

Diarthritol joints

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Joint pain tenderness swelling stiffness for more than 6 weeks or more

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

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Morning stiffness for more than 30 minutes

Severe symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

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This affects small joints and some joints on both sides of the joint

Rheumatoid arthritis

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Erythrocyte sedimentation c-reactive protein complete blood count X-rays and joint fluid RF positive or negative

Lab test for rheumatoid arthritis

Osteoarthritis

This affects joints of the hand knee hip and cervical or lumbar vertebrae

Osteoarthritis

Degenerated joint disease or wear and tear on your joints

DJD

Is a non-systemic non-inflammatory disorder and it begins with degeneration of cartilage of joints and causes damage to bone

Osteoarthritis

Pain and stiffness of the joints

Symptoms of osteoarthritis

Sounds heard of moving joints with osteoarthritis

Grating or cracking

MRI arthroscopy synovial fluid examination and bone scan

Lab test for osteoarthritis

Appear on sides of distal joints or fingers

Herberdens Node

Appear on the proximal joints of the fingers and their hard bony and cartilaginous enlargements

Bouchards node

Is a metabolic disease resulting from an accumulation of uric acid in the blood and it's an acute inflammatory condition associated with the ineffective metabolism of purines

Gout

This type of gout is linked to hereditary factors

Primary gout

This type of guy is resulting from use of certain medications that are complications of another disease

Secondary gout

Of unknown origin

Idiopathic

Women who experienced gout typically are affected after this

Menopause

Crystals form and accumulating the joints

Purines

Calculi containing sodium urate and deposits the develop particular fibrous tissue typically in patients with gout

Tophi

This is associated with the foot fingers and wrists

Gout

At night they have excruciating pain edema and inflammation in the affected joint and it only allows for a short time but return at intervals and can become severe and continuous for 5 to 10 days

Signs and symptoms of gout

Organ meats that are high in purines

Anchovies yeast herring mackerel and scallops

Gout usually appears in this joint and has signs of edema he and discoloration and may appear erythematous purple and limited movement occurs

The great toe

A urinary uric acid levels a complete blood count elevated ESR and radiographic studies

Lab test for gout

Same time patient and position of comfort with foot supported and in alignment placed their cradle over it no weight-bearing apply cold packs as ordered keeping pressure off the joint administered analgesics and anti-gout and anti-inflammatory agents as ordered observed for side effects provide medication scheduled including name dosage purpose and side effects discuss importance of diet exercise and rest programs and encourage follow-up visits with healthcare provider

Nursing interventions for gout

Is a disorder that results in loss of bone density and reduction of sufficient to interfere with the mechanical support function of the bone

Osteoporosis

This is a type of post menopausal osteoporosis suggest estrogen deficiency is connected with increased bone reabsorption and sensitivity to parathyroid hormone

Type one osteoporosis

This type of senile osteoporosis is to experience compression fractures of the spine

Type two osteoporosis

Individuals that are most at risk for developing osteoporosis

Small framed white women and Asian women

Smoking and alcoholism hyperthyroidism chronic lung disease cancer inflammatory by disease and vitamin d deficiency

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Complete blood count calcium phosphate and alkaline phosphonates blood urea and nitrogen creatine levels urinalysis and liver and thyroid function test

Lab test for osteoporosis

Always administer these drugs first thing in the morning with six to eight ounces of water at least 30 minutes before other medications beverages our food costing the patient to remain upright for 30 minutes after it does to celiate passes to the stomach and minimize risk of esophageal or irritation

Administering medicine for osteoporosis

Hole and skim milk yogurt turnip greens cottage cheese ice cream sardines with bones and spinach and broccoli

Foods high in calcium for osteoporosis

Stress importance of activity and rest provide aerobic exercises schedule caution present to avoid dogging advise patients to take recommended medications and instruct patient and how to maintain a healthy diet

Nursing interventions for osteoporosis

Local or generalized infection of bone and bone marrow and can occur from bacteria introduced through trauma such as a compound fracture or surgery

Osteomyelitis

Radiographic test MRI and CT scans

Lab test for osteomyelitis

Gentleness and moving and manipulating the disease extremity because pain in severe in the early phases of infection wounds are irrigated with normal saline or with antiseptic or antibiotic solutions and then cover the sterile dressing patients are placed on drainage and secretion precautions dietary planning includes a diet that is high and calories and protein and vitamins monitor the patient for worsening infection assess vital signs review lab results and teaching includes information about signs of infection and patients must avoid trauma to be affected by because pathologic fractures are common

Nursing interventions for osteomyelitis

The movement of an extremity towards the axis of the body

Adduction

The moment of an extermining away from the body of the midline

Abduction

Amendment allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increase the angle between two adjoining bones

Extension

The movement allowed certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones

Flexion

The moment of the bone around it's longitudinal's axis

Rotation

A movement of the hand in the forearm that causes the palm to face upward or forward

Supination

A movement of the hand and forearm that causes the Palm to face downward and backward

Pronation

A moment that causes the top of the foot to elevate or till upward

Dorsiflexion

A movement that causes the bottom of the foot to direct it downward

Plantar flexion

Is one of the types of arthritis that can promise the group of rheumatic disorders known as spondylarthritis and it affects primarily the spine

Ankylosing spondylitis

This includes the sacroiliac and hip joints in the adjacent soft tissues

Ankylosing spondylitis

Swelling of the fingers and toes back pain and stiffness and changes to the finger and toenails and psychiatric lesions

Sign and symptoms of alkalosing spondylitis

Fixation of a joint

Ankylosis

Low hemoglobin and a hemocratic indicative of an anemia elevated ESR and CRP elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels and patients who are immobilized or have bone reabsorption and presence of the hla-b27 antigen

Lab test for ankylosing spondylitis