Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology 101 > Chapter 4 State of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 4 State of Consciousness Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli such as feelings of
hunger and pain or detection of light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is wakefulness?

A

high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is biological rhythm?

A

Internal cycle of biological activity such as level of alertness or fluctuation of body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the circadian rhythm?

A

biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of the circadian rhythm?

A

sleep-wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What controls our biological rhythms?

A

the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serve as?

A

Serves as the brain’s clock mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?

A

Located in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hormone regulates the sleep wake cycle?

A

Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What gland releases melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is sleep regulation?

A

brain’s control of switching between sleep and
wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is jet lag?

A

Symptoms resulting from the mismatch
between our internal circadian cycles and our
environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does a rotating shift work affect normal sleep?

A

Work schedule that changes from early to late on a weekly/daily basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is sleep debt?

A

result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is sleep rebound?

A

sleep-deprived individual will tend to take a shorter time to fall
asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is sleep?

A

state marked by relatively low physical activity and a reduced sense of
awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 6 areas of the brain involved in sleep?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • Suprachiasmatic nucleus
  • thalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • pons
  • pineal gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is adaptive function (evolutionary hypothesis?)

A

Sleep is essential to restore resources that used during the day so it’s an adaptive response at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are cognitive function and sleep related?

A

decrease in sleep amount can negatively impact cognitive function and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the characteristics of alpha brainwaves during sleep? (3)

A
  • relatively low frequency
  • relatively high amplitude
  • synchronized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the characteristics of theta brainwaves during sleep? (2)

A
  • low frequency
  • low amplitude
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the characteristics of delta brainwaves during sleep? (3)

A
  • low frequency
  • high amplitude
  • desynchronized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the stages of sleep? (3)

A
  1. transition b/w wakefulness and sleep, heartbeat slows down, and body temp decreases. Alpha waves happens here (stage 1)
  2. Body goes into deep relaxation. Theta waves happens here. Sleep spindles and K-complexes happens here (stage 2)
  3. Slow wave sleep; respiration/heart beat slows down even more. REM Sleep. Delta waves happens here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At what stage of the sleep cycle do we dream?

A

REM Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does REM sleep stand for?
Rapid eye movement sleep
26
What are sleep spindles?
rapid burst of high frequency brainwaves
27
What are K-complexes?
very high amplitude pattern of brain activity
28
What is a hypnogram?
Diagram of the stages of sleep as they occur during a period of sleep
29
What did Sigmund Freud think about dreams?
Saw dreams as a way to gain access to the unconscious
30
What is manifest content?
actual content of the dream
31
What is latent content?
hidden meaning of the dream
32
What did Carl Jung think about Dreams?
Believed that dreams allowed us to tap into the collective unconscious
33
What is the collective unconscious?
Theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures
34
What are lucid dreams?
certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dreaming state. A person becomes aware that they are dreaming.
35
What is insomnia?
difficulty falling or staying asleep
36
What is parasomnia?
involve unwanted motor behavior/experiences throughout the sleep cycle
37
What are the 4 types of parasomnia?
- sleep walking - REM sleep behavior disorder - restless leg syndrome - night terrors
38
When does sleep walking usually occur?
during slow-wave sleep
39
When does REM sleep behavior disorder occur?
Occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with REM sleep does not occur
40
What does restless leg syndrome involve?
Involves uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs
41
What is night terrors? When does it occur?
Sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape - occurs during REM sleep
42
What is sleep apnea?
occurs when individuals stop breathing during their sleep for around 10-20 seconds or longer
43
What are the 2 types of sleep apnea?
- obstructive sleep apnea - central sleep apnea
44
What is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
Occurs when an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies
45
What is narcolepsy?
Involves an irresistible urge to fall asleep during waking hours
46
What is cataplexy?
loss of muscle tone while awake or in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles.
47
What is hypnagogic hallucinations?
vivid, dream-like hallucinations
48
What is a substance abuse disorder?
compulsive pattern of drug use despite negative consequences
49
What is physiological dependence?
involves changes in normal bodily functions and withdrawal upon cessation of use of a drug
50
What is psychological dependence?
emotional need for the drug
51
What is tolerance?
occurs when a person requires more and more of a drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses; linked to physiological dependence
52
What is withdrawal?
negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued.
53
What are the 4 drug categories?
- stimulants - depressants - hallucinogens - antipsychotics
54
What are the effects of a stimulant drug?
- increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temp
55
What are the effects of depressant/sedative-hypnotics drugs?
decreased heart rate and blood pressure
56
What are the effects of opiates? (4)
- decreased pain - pupil dilation - decreased gut motility - decreased respiratory function
57
What are the effects of hallucinogens?
increased heart rate and blood pressure
58
What are depressants?
drugs that suppress the central nervous system activity
59
What are the effects of alcohol? (4)
- Decreases reaction time and visual acuity. - Lowers levels of alertness. - Reduces behavioral control. - Can result in complete loss of consciousness
60
What are stimulants?
Drugs that increase overall levels of neural activity
61
What are some examples of stimulants? (4)
- caffeine - nicotine - cocaine - amphetamine
62
What are opioids?
Drugs that serve as analgesics (decrease pain) thru their effects
63
What are some examples of opioids? (4)
- Heroine - Morphine - Methadone - Codeine
64
What are hallucinogens?
Drugs that cause changes in sensory and perceptual experiences; can involve vivid hallucinations
65
What are some examples of hallucinogens?
- LSD - PCP - ketamine
66
What is hypnosis?
an extreme focus on the self that involves suggested changes of behavior and experience
67
What is meditation?
the act of focusing on a single target such as breath or a repeated sound to increase awareness of the moment

Psychology 101 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions