Chapter 4 - Tissues Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
The extracellular material found in tissues is called
A
matrix
2
Q
What is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances?
A
tissue
3
Q
What is the microscopic study of tissues?
A
histology
4
Q
What type of tissue forms linings or coverings?
A
epithelial tissue
5
Q
What type of tissue contains cells called neurons?
A
nervous tissue
6
Q
What type of tissue is contractile?
A
muscular tissue
7
Q
What type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?
A
connective tissue
8
Q
The four primary tissue types are
A
epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous
9
Q
What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the
changes caused by a disease?
A
autopsy
10
Q
What is the removal of a tissue sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose
disease?
A
biopsy
11
Q
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A. endode rm bone
B. mesoderm muscle
C. ectoderm skin
D. neuroectoderm nervous system
E. neural crest cells peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face
A
endoderm - bone
12
Q
The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is
A
mesoderm
13
Q
Epithelial tissue is characterized by
A. tightly packed cells.
B. absence of any basement membrane.
C. extensive extracellular matrix.
D. a rich blood supply.
E. both tightly pa cked cells and a rich blood supply.
A
tightly packed cells
14
Q
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?
A. support of other tissue types
B. conduction of action potentials
C. contraction
D. shock absorption
E. secretion and absorption of molecules
A
secretion and absorption of molecules
15
Q
Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial
tissue?
A. has good blood supply within it
B. rest on a basement membrane
C. little extracellular material
D. the cells are thin and flat (not thick)
E. acts as a permeability barrier
A
has good blood supply within it
16
Q
The various types of epithelium are classified by
A. the number of cell layers and size of the cells.
B. the shape of cells and number of cell layers
C. the size and shape of cells.
D. the size and location of cells.
E. function and size of cells.
A
the shape of cells and number of cell layers
17
Q
Which of th e following categories of epithelium is based on cell shape?
A. keratinized
B. simple
C. columnar
D. transitional
E. stratified
A
columnar
18
Q
Stratified epithelium consists of
A. multiple layers of cells.
B. a single layer of cells.
C. a single layer of cells that changes shape when the tissue is stretched.
D. a multiple layer of cells that appe ars to change shape when the tissue is stretched.
E. None of these choices are correct.
A
multiple layers of cells
19
Q
Which type of epithelium has the following characteristics: multiple layers, squamous cell
shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells?
A. stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
B. pseudostratified keratinized squamous epithelium
C. simple transitional epithelium
D. simple cuboidal epithelium
E. moist stratified squamous epithelium
A
stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
20
Q
To determine that a type of epithelium is squamous, which of the following is most
important?
A. the number of cell layers
B. the sha pe of most of the epithelial cells
C. the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells
D. the shape of the basal epithelial cells
E. the shape of the basement membrane
A
the shape of the most superficial epithelial cells
21
Q
The epidermis of the skin is composed of
A. stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B. stratified columnar epithelium.
C. simple squamous epithelium.
D. irregular dense fibrous connective tissue.
E. stratified squamous epithelium.
A
stratified squamous epithelium
22
Q
Which of the following epithelial types is mismatched with its function?
A. stratified epithelium protection
B. squamous epithelium stretching
C. cuboidal epithelium absorption
D. simple epithelium diffusion
E. columnar epithelium secretion
A
squamous epithelium - stretching
23
Q
Which of the following statements is false?
A. The movement of m aterials through epithelium is enhanced by simple squamous epithelium.
B. Secretory epithelial cells are usually cuboidal or columnar in shape.
C. Stratified epithelium is adapted for a protective role.
D. Cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where absorption occurs.
E. Columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion.
A
columnar epithelium cells promote diffusion
24
Q
Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be
A. keratinized columnar.
B. stratified squamous.
C. simple cuboidal.
D. simple squamous.
E. transitional.
A
simple cuboidal
25
What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
26
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth?
stratified squamous epithelium
27
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the stomach?
simple columnar epithelium
28
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?
simple cuboidal epithelium
29
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium
30
All cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a
description of
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
31
Which tissue type forms glands?
A. epithelial
B. neuroectoderm
C. connective
D. muscle
E. nervous
epithelial
32
Which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false?
A. Smooth surfaces reduce friction.
B. Epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid.
C. Cilia propel materials along the surface of an epithelial cell.
D. Epithelium with folded surfaces c an change shape.
E. Epithelial cells with microvilli are involved in absorption.
epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid
33
Which of the following cell organelles would be most important in secretory epithelial
cells?
A. desmosomes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. lysosomes
D. microtubules
E. cilia
Golgi apparatus
34
If one of the functions of the capillaries is t o supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients,
you would expect the capillary walls to consist of
A. keratinized epithelium.
B. connective tissue.
C. simple columnar epithelium.
D. simple squamous epithelium.
E. stratified squamous epithelium.
simple squamous epithelium
35
Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
A. desmosomes.
B. basement junctions.
C. intercalated discs.
D. gap junctions.
E. tight junctions.
desmosomes
36
The type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a
tight junction
37
An example of a gap junction is
A. an adhesion belt.
B. an intercalated disk.
C. a desmosome.
D. goblet cell.
E. a striation.
an intercalated disk
38
Structures that function in intercellular communication are
gap junctions
39
What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules
between cells?
A. adhesion belt
B. hemidesmosomes
C. desmosomes
D. tight junction
E. gap junction
gap junction
40
What is a disk shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?
desmosomes
41
What is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?
adhesion belt
42
What is the permeability barrier that joins the cell membranes of adjacent cells to form a
tight seal?
tight junction
43
What attaches epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
A. gap junction
B. hemidesmosomes
C. adhesion belt
D. tight junction
E. desmosomes
hemidesmosomes
44
A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of ce lls, cells are
narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most
consistent with those observations?
(1) active transport
(2) epithelium
(3) simple epithelium
(4) columnar epithelium
(5) cuboidal epithelium
(6) squamous epithelium
(7) secretion by exocytosis
(8) movement of mucous across its surface
12347
45
Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland
A. secretes to a surface.
B. is a secretory organ.
C. sheds cells with its secretions.
D. has no ducts.
E. contains goblet cells.
has no ducts
46
The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly
A. onto the skin surface.
B. into a gland duct.
C. into the nervous tissue.
D. into the lumen of a tube.
E. into the bloodstream.
intro the bloodstream
47
Glands whose ducts have few branches are called
A. simple.
B. branchless.
C. alveolar.
D. compound.
E. acinar.
simple
48
A gland with branching ducts that end in acini would be classified as
A. multicellular.
B. simple coiled tubular.
C. simple branched tubular.
D. compound acinar.
E. simple acinar.
compound acinar
49
A thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called
mucus
50
What type of gland does not have ducts?
A. holocrine
B. apocrine
C. endocrine
D. exocrine
E. merocrine
endocrine
51
What type of gland excretes products by secretion into the blood?
A. apocrine
B. holocrine
C. merocrine
D. endocrine
E. exocrine
endocrine
52
What type of gland possesses ducts?
A. hypocrine
B. exocrine
C. endocrine
D. ectocrine
E. epicrine
exocrine
53
Which of the following is classified as a holocrine gland?
A. exocrine part of pancreas
B. sebaceous gland
C. salivary gland
D. sweat gland
E. mammary gland
sebaceous gland
54
What type of exocrine gland uses exocytosis to secrete its product?
A. holocrine
B. apocrine
C. merocrine
D. solocrine
E. endocrine
merocrine
55
A gland produces a watery secretion that contains solutes. The secretion also contains a
substantial amount of phospholipid. The type of secretory process for this gland is probably
A. merocrine.
B. holocrine.
C. apocrine.
D. endocrine.
E. both merocrine and apocrine.
both merocrine and apocrine
56
What type of gland accumulates its secretion in the cytoplasm of the cell, the cell then
ruptures and becomes part of the secretion?
holocrine
57
What type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?
apocrine
58
Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?
A. storage
B. contraction
C. insulation
D. support
E. transport
contraction
59
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it
A. is commonly found lining body cavities.
B. has no blood supply to the tissue.
C. consists of cells with much intercellula r material (matrix) between them.
D. covers the outside of organs.
E. contracts.
consists of cells with much intercellular material (matrix) between them
60
A cell that forms fibrous connective tissue would be called a
fibroblast
61
Macrophages are cells specialized for
phagocytosis
62
What type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?
stem cells
63
What type of cells phagocytize foreign or injured cells and play a major role in providing
protection against infections?
macrophages
64
What type of cells release chemicals in response to injury and play an important role in inflammation?
mast cells
65
What type of cells contain large amounts of lipids?
A. osteoclast
B. mast cells
C. macrophages
D. adipocytes
E. stem cells
adipocytes
66
What type of cells break down bone tissue?
osteoclast
67
Blood cells are produced in hemopoietic tissue found in
A. compact bone.
B. white bone marrow.
C. red bone marrow.
D. brown bone marrow.
E. yellow bone marrow.
red bone marrow
68
What typ e of cells form cartilage?
A. chondroblasts
B. osteocytes
C. osteoblasts
D. osteoclasts
E. fibroblasts
chondroblasts
69
Cells that maintain bone are called
A. chondroblasts.
B. osteocytes.
C. osteoblasts.
D. osteoclasts.
E. fibroblasts.
osteocytes
70
What type of cells form protein fibers in connective tissue proper?
A. osteoclasts
B. chondroblasts
C. fibroblasts
D. osteoblasts
E. osteocytes
fibroblasts
71
Cell s that break down bone are called
A. chondroblasts.
B. osteoclasts.
C. fibroblasts.
D. osteoblasts.
E. osteocytes.
osteoclasts
72
What kind of cells form bone?
A. fibroblasts
B. osteoblasts
C. chondroblasts
D. osteocytes
E. osteoclasts
osteoblasts
73
The three types of protein fibers found in connective tissue are
A. hyaluronic acid, collagen, and reticular fibers.
B. collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
C. chondronectic, osteonect in, fibronectin
D. proteoglycan, elastin, and reticular fibers.
E. proteoglycan, elastin, and hyaluronic acid.
collagen, elastin, reticular fibers
74
Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues all contain
A. carbohydrates.
B. proteins.
C. phospholipids.
D. adipose tissue.
E. triglycerides.
proteins
75
Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false?
A. There are at least 20 different types of collagen in the body.
B. Collagen is a common protein in the body.
C. Collagen is strong and flexible.
D. Collagen is composed of collagen chains.
E. Collagen is elastic and stretches
collagen is elastic and stretches
76
A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called
elastin
77
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains
A. serous fluid.
B. synoval fluid
C. adipose.
D. plasma.
E. proteoglycans.
proeoglycans
78
A long, unbranched polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue is
A. hyaluronic acid.
B. proteoglycan.
C. chondronectin.
D. tropocollagen.
hyaluronic acid
79
Which of the following is NOT an adhesive molecule found in the ground substance of
connective tissue?
A. chondroitin sulfate
B. fibronectin
C. chondronectin
D. osteonectin
chondroitin sulfate
80
Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain it. Hyaluronic acid
A. resists stretching.
B. is a good lubricant for joint cavities.
C. is a protein.
D. functions as an insulator.
E. promotes oxygen transport in the plasma.
is a good lubricant for joint cavities
81
Which of the following matrix molecules tends to trap large quantities of water?
A. reticular fibers
B. collagen
C. pro teoglycan
D. elastin
E. hyaluronic acid
proteoglycan
82
Proteoglycans trap large quantities of water and spring back to original shape after compression. They are found in
intervertebral discs
83
Which of the following molecules consists of numerous polysaccharides attached to a protein core?
A. proteoglycan
B. reticulin
C. collagen
D. hyaluronic acid
E. elastin
proteoglycan
84
Which of the following types of connective tissue is mismatched with its matrix?
A. bone highly vascular
B. cartilage highly vascular matrix
C. bone mineralized matrix
D. areolar loosely packed matrix of protein fibers
E. blood fluid matrix
cartilage - highly vascular matrix
85
An infant born with a genetic defect that causes little or no brown fat to be formed will have
A. difficulty absorbing nutrients from the intestine.
B. very stretchy tendons.
C. difficulty breathing.
D. a reduced bone mass.
E. difficulty regulating his body temperature.
difficulty regulating his body temperature
86
Connective tissue is separated into subgroups based on the
structure of the extracellular matrix
87
Connective tissue in tendons is
A. dense irregular elastic tissue.
B. dense regular collagenous tissue.
C. dense regular ela stic tissue.
D. dense irregular collagenous tissue.
E. reticular tissue.
dense regular collagenous tissue
88
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Collagen fibers provide strength to dense connective tissue.
B. Dense connective tissue has a fluid matrix.
C. Mast cells are found in abundance in dense connective tissue.
D. Elastic ti ssue is flexible, but not stretchy.
E. Areolar tissue is tightly packed.
Collagen fibers provide strength to dense connective tissue
89
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in
a ligament
90
Which of the following structures is likely to consist of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue?
A. bone
B. tendons
C. cartilage
D. dermis of the skin
E. elastic ligaments
dermis of the skin
91
A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue?
A. tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone
B. broken nose
C. tear in the cartilage of the knee
D. broken femur bone
E. bullet penetrating the abdominal wall
tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone
92
Reticular tissue is found in
lymphatic tissue
93
Adipose tissue
A. is composed of relatively small cells.
B. contains large amounts of extracellular matrix.
C. exists in three forms: yellow, red, and brown.
D. functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage.
E. does not contain lipids.
functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage
94
Intervertebral discs exhibit a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick
bundles of
A. elastin.
B. collagen.
C. hydroxyapatite.
D. proteoglycan.
E. calcium.
collagen
95
Cartila ge heals slowly after an injury because
A. it has few, if any, blood vessels.
B. it contains so much proteoglycan.
C. it is a dead, rather than a living, tissue.
D. it contains no fibroblasts.
E. this tissue type is very complex.
it has few, if any, blood vessels
96
The type of connective tissue that contain s chondrocytes, a rigid matrix of collagen fibers
and proteoglycan hyaluronic acid aggregates and few, if any, blood vessels is
A. muscle tissue.
B. fibrous connective tissue.
C. adipose tissue.
D. bone tissue.
E. cartilage.
cartilage
97
What type of connective tissue is found in the external ears?
A. dense regular collagenous tissue
B. dense irregular elastic tissue
C. hyaline cartilage
D. elastic cartilage
E. fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage
98
What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae?
fibrocartilage
99
What type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone?
hyaline cartilage
100
What type of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments?
dense regular collagenous tissue
101
What type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries?
dense irregular elastic tissue
102
Bone
A. has a rich blood supply.
B. is avascular.
C. does not contain protein fibers.
D. contains dead cells.
E. is not rigid.
has a rich blood supply
103
Lamellae are characteristic of
A. spongy bone tissue.
B. fibrocartilage.
C. cancellous bone tissue.
D. hyaline cartilage.
E. compact bone tissue.
compact bone tissue
104
Which of the following is found in spongy bone but not compact bone?
A. osteocytes in lacunae
B. hydroxyapatite
C. collagen
D. trabeculae
E. matrix
trabeculae
105
A tissue that has a fluid matrix is
A. bone.
B. blood.
C. cartilage.
D. adipose tissue.
E. areolar tissue.
blood
106
Muscle tissue is characterized by its
A. avascularity.
B. durability.
C. contractility.
D. rigidity.
E. strength.
contractility
107
A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance would be
described as
A. smo oth voluntary.
B. nonstriated voluntary.
C. striated voluntary.
D. nonstriated involuntary.
E. striated involuntary.
striated involutary
108
Movement of food through the digestive tract results from the action of
smooth muscle
109
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract?
smooth muscle
110
What type of muscle is found attached to bones?
skeletal muscle
111
What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart?
cardiac muscle
112
The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is
A. cardiac.
B. voluntary.
C. smooth.
D. skeletal.
E. striated.
smooth
113
Which of the following is associated with nervous tissue?
A. intercalated disc
B. axon
C. osteocyte
D. lacuna
E. desmosome
axon
114
A pseudo unipolar neuron is characterized by the presence of
A. two dendrites.
B. one dendrite.
C. four dendrites.
D. three dendrites.
E. no dendrites.
no dendrites
115
Which of the following is correctly matched?
A. axons conduct action potentials away from the cell body
B. neuroglia the conducting cell of the nervous system
C. dendrite rapidly dividing cell
D. axon carry action potentials toward the cell body
E. neurons supportive cells of the nervous system
axons - conduct action potentials away from the cell body
116
The support an d protection of neurons rests with
A. neuroglia.
B. dendrites.
C. axons.
D. trabeculae.
E. ligaments.
neuroglia
117
What type of process conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body?
A. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B. membrane
C. neuroglia
D. mesoderm
E. dendrite
dendrite
118
Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called
neuroglia
119
A thin layer of tissue that covers an organ or lines a cavity is a
membrane
120
The type of membrane that lines freely movable joints i s a _____ membrane.
synovial
121
The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ________
membrane.
serous
122
What type of membranes do not open to the exterior, do not contain glands, but do secrete fluid?
serous
123
What type of membranes line cavities that open to the outside and often contain mucous
glands?
mucous
124
What type of membranes line joint cavities?
A. cutaneous
B. mucous
C. gobletal
D. synovial
E. serous
synovial
125
In the inflammatory response, clotting proteins form a clot. This action
A. phagocytizes microbes.
B. produces edema.
C. walls off foreign particles and microbe s.
D. stimulates pain receptors.
E. increases the permeability of blood vessels.
walls off foreign particles and microbes
126
Which of the followin g occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation?
A. removal of foreign material from the blood
B. increased blood flow to the area
C. redness and heat at the injury site
D. migration of white blood cells to the site of injury
E. no change in osmotic balance between blood and tissues
migration of white blood cells to the site of injury
127
Which of the following occurs when the perme ability of blood vessels increases during
inflammation?
A. redness and heat at the injury site
B. removal of foreign material from the blood
C. edema
D. no change in osmotic balance between blood and tissues
E. increased blood flow to the area
edema
128
Which of the following occur as a result of inhibiting the release of chemical mediators
of inflammation shortly after injury in a tissue?
(1) stimulation of pain receptors
(2) reduced stimulation of pain receptors
(3) increased permeability of blood vessels
(4) reduced permeability of blood vessels
(5) edema
(6) reduced redness
246
129
When Harry stepped on a nail, inflamm ation and infection were severe, but localized.
Which of the following functions serves to wall off or isolate the injured area to the greatest
degree?
A. increased temperature
B. coagulation of plasma proteins
C. loss of function
D. swelling
E. vasodilation
coagulation of plasma proteins
130
Which of the following are symptoms of inflammation?
A. redness, heat, and pain
B. blistering, pain, and swelling
C. heat, swelling, and blistering
D. pain, redness, and bleeding
E. swelling, bleeding, and numbness
redness, heat, pain
131
Which of the following statements concerning the process of tissue repair is false?
A. In replacement, a new type of tissue develops that eventually results in sca r production.
B. Permanent cells have a limited ability to replicate.
C. Stable cells do not actively replicate after growth but retain the ability to regenerate.
D. In regeneration, destroyed cells are replaced by the same type of cells.
E. Labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration.
Labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration
132
In the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last?
A. Fibroblasts migrate to the area.
B. An inflammatory response occurs.
C. Granulation tissue develops.
D. The wound fills with blood and a clot forms.
E. A scab forms to seal the wound.
granulation tissue develops
133
Suturing a large wound
A. prevents scarring.
B. increases scar formation.
C. leads to w ound contracture.
D. allows healing by secondary union.
E. reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster.
reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster
134
What type of cell ingests bacteria?
A. granulation tissue
B. neutrophil
C. edema
D. scar
E. secondary union
neutrophil
135
What is formed from granulation tissue?
A. edema
B. scar
C. secondary union
D. neutrophil
scar
136
An accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces is called
A. scar.
B. neutrophil.
C. granulation tissue.
D. edema.
E. secondary union.
edema
137
What occurs when wound edges are far apart?
A. neutrophil
B. scar
C. secondary union
D. granulation tissue
E. edema
secondary union
138
A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called
A. scar.
B. granulation tissue.
C. edema.
D. neutrophil.
E. secondary union.
granulation tissue
139
Which of the following is not a characteristic of age related changes at the tissue level?
A. injuries heal rapidly and more completely in older people
B. reduced flexibility and elasticity of connective tissue
C. arterial walls become less elastic
D. rate of red blood cell synthesis declines
E. development of atherosclerosis
injuries heal rapidly and more completely in older people
140
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with _____ tissue.
A. epithelial
B. connective
C muscular
D. nervous
E. All four types of tissue are correct.
connective
141
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue?
A. carcinoma
B. malignant
C. sarcoma
D. benign
Carcinoma
142
What is a malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissue?
A. metastasis
B. malignant
C. sarcoma
D. benign
E. carcinoma
sarcoma
143
An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which performs a discrete function is known as a(n):
tissue
144
A(n) ______ is any anatomical structure t hat is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural
boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it.
organ
145
The extracellular material of a tissue is called the:
matrix
146
Which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer?
A. ectoderm
B. epiderm
C. exoderm
ectoderm
147
Name the embryonic germ layers
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
148
Because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures, ______ tissue has very little extracellular matrix.
A. epithelial
B. connective
C. muscle
epithelial
149
Indicate the class of tissue that is capable of regeneration, is
avascular, and consists of cells that are bound to each other via
specialized junctions.
A. epithelial tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. connective tissue
epithelial
150
What is the function of the
basement membrane?
A. house stem cells for new cell production
B. adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
C. secrete mucus
D. attach skin to underlying muscle tissue
adhere epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
151
Indicate the functions that apply to epithelial tissue.
-acting as a barrier
-connecting tissue to each other
-contraction in response to stimulation
-secretion of substances
acting as a barrier, secretion of substances
152
True or false: The basal lamina is only one portion of the basement membrane, and it does not anchor the epithelium to the tissue below it.
true
153
True or false: Because epithelial tissue is highly vascular, it heals well..
false
154
Support, attachment of tissues, cushioning and protection are examples of functions for ______ tissue.
connective tissue
155
This type of tissue is closely packed with fat cells and forms a protective cushion around organs; insulate body and also form energy.
adipose connective tissue
156
What type of tissue attaches to the underlying muscles and supports the framework for body organs?
areolar connective tissue
157
indicate two roles of connective tissue in the body?
cushioning, insulating
158
Select all of the characteristics of connective tissue:
A. bind other tissues and organs together.
B. create new cells from other tissues.
C. involved in delivering nutrients to the tissue.
D. separate tissues from each other
a, c, d
159
Of the four classes of tissues, the tissue that consists of elongated fibers that are specialized to contract in response to
stimulation is ______
muscle tissue
160
Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?
A. spherical cells designed for storage
B. elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
C. elongated fibers (cells)
surrounded by abundant matrix
D. cells with multiple processes that are specialized to send electrical signals
elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
161
Select all of that demonstrate how inflammation protects the body.
A. Blood vessels become more permeable and allow white blood cells to move into damaged tissue more easily.
B. Clotting that occurs helps to isolate injurious agents.
C . During inflammation blood vessels dilate, increasing the delivery of white blood cells to the area.
D. Inflammation allows for the formation of antibodies that will help fight infectious agents.
A,B,C,
162
The major manifestations of inflammation include:
A. edema
B. heat
C. hemorrhage
D. pain
E. redness
A,B,D,E
163
A swollen, painful area of the skin t
hat is also hot and red are symptoms that accompany what process?
A. edema
B. circulatory shock
C. inflammation
D. fever
inflammation
164
Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.
A. edema and clotting
B. regeneration and replacement
C. necrosis and atrophy
D. edema and regeneration
E. necrosis and replacement
regeneration and replacement
165
In _____, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.
A. necrosis
B. regeneration
C. replacement
regeneration
166
Select which one(s).
Granulation tissue is a delicate, granular appearing connective tissue that consists of
A. fibroblasts
B. collagen
C. capillaries
A,B,C
167
What is a scar?
A. Necrotic tissue that is avascular and consists of a mixture of dead cells and fluid.
B. A large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair.
C. The product of the drying out of a blood
clot that occurs during primary union.
a large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair
168
True or false: During tissue repair, dense irregular collagenous connective tissue which forms is called granulation tissue.
false
169
The connective tissue of ______ adults are less elastic and less flexible.
A. younger
B. older
older
170
Select which one(s).
Changes in the cells, extracellular materials and tissues in older adults cause a:
A. loss of elasticity of connective tissue
B. loss of flexibility of connective tissue
C. increase of neurons
D. increase of muscle cells
E. increase in collagen fibers
A, B, E
171
Name the epithelium.
Function:
Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction
Location:
Lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)
Simple Squamous Epithelium
172
Function:
Secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells
Location:
Kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries
Simple cuboidal epithelium
173
Function:
Movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the intestines
Location:
Glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain
simple columnar epithelium
174
Function:
Synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus (or fluid) that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages
Location:
Lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
175
Function:
Protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body
Location:
Keratinized—outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized—mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
176
Function:
Secretion, absorption, protection against infection
Location:
Sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicular cells, salivary gland ducts
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
177
Function:
Protection, secretion
Location:
Mammary gland ducts, larynx, a portion of the male urethra
stratified columnar epithelium
178
Function:
Accommodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine
Location:
Lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra
transitional epithelium
179
