Chapter 5 - Integumentary System Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?
A. fat production
B. protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
C. vitamin A production
D. regulation of body pH
E. vitamin C production
A
Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
2
Q
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is
A. prevention of albinism.
B. detection of heat and touch.
C. regulation of acid base balance.
D. production of Vitamin E.
E. protection from cancer.
A
detection of heat and touch
3
Q
The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the
A
epidermis
4
Q
This condition is characterized by a thicker than normal stratus corneum producing large silvery scales.
A
psoriasis
5
Q
Which type of skin cancer is the most common?
A. Kaposi’s sarcoma
B. melanoma
C. psoriasis
D. basal cell carcinoma
E. squamous cell carcinoma
A
basal cell carcinoma
6
Q
Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of
the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous?
A. freckles
B. diameter
C. border
D. asymmetry
E. color
A
freckles
7
Q
Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly?
A. Kaposi’s sarcoma
B. basal cell carcinoma
C. melanoma
D. squamous cell carcinoma
E. psoriasis
A
melanoma
8
Q
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?
A. The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
B. The epidermis is very permeable to water soluble molecules.
C. The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
D. The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
E. The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
A
the epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis
9
Q
The epidermis
A. is composed of loose connective tissue.
B. is made up mostly of melanocytes.
C. is composed of the reticular and papillary layers.
D. is thicker than the dermis.
E. contains no blood vessels.
A
contains no blood vessels
10
Q
Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?
A. keratinocytes
B. Langerhans cells
C. melanocytes
D. fibroblasts
E. Merkel cells
A
Langerhans cells
11
Q
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called
A
dermal papillae
12
Q
Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints
A. improve the grip of the hands.
B. are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis.
C. are associated with thin skin.
D. decr ease friction on surfaces where they are located.
E. tend to make the surface smooth.
A
improve the grip of the hands
13
Q
Keratinocytes
A. produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.
B. are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin.
C. determine thickness of the skin.
D. are special cells of the immune system.
E. are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.
A
are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin
14
Q
Keratinization
A. occurs in the dermis.
B. produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.
C. determines skin color.
D. results in the formation of new epidermal cells.
E. does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.
A
produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion
15
Q
As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces
water loss. This process is called
A. desquamation.
B. pollination.
C. keratinization.
D. germination.
E. melaninization.
A
keratinization
16
Q
A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as
A. acne.
B. psoriasis.
C. jaundice.
D cyanosis.
E. impetigo.
A
psoriasis
17
Q
The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
A. strat um lucidum.
B. stratum granulosum.
C. stratum basale.
D. stratum corneum.
E. stratum dermum.
A
stratum basale
18
Q
The stratum basale
A. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.
B. has a mixture of living and dead cells mostly dead.
C. is easily shed when you rub your hands together.
D. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.
E. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
A
contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells
19
Q
The term “stratum germinativum” is sometimes used to refer to the
A
stratum basale
20
Q
In which layer of the epidermis are lamellar bodies formed inside keratinocytes?
A
stratum spinosum
21
Q
In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?
A
stratum granulosum
22
Q
Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body?
A
stratum lucidum
23
Q
This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes.
A. epidermis
B. hypodermis
C. papillary layer
D. reticular layer
E. stretch marks
A
epidermis
24
Q
Excessive shed ding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.
A. stratum corneum
B. stratum basale
C. stratum lucidum
D. stratum granulosum
E. stratum spinosum
A
stratum corneum
25
Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the
deepest to the most superficial?
A. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum
corneum
B. stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum
corneum
C. stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum
gra nulosum
D. stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum
spinosum
E. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
A. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
26
This stratum contains many layers of dead squamo us cells.
A. stratum lucidum
B. stratum spinosum
C. stratum granulosum
D. stratum basale
E. stratum corneum
stratum corneum
27
The layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity.
A. stratum granulosum
B. stratum corneum
C. stratum lucidum
D. stratum spinosum
E. stratum basale
stratum basale
28
This epidermal stratum has several layers of cells held together by desmosomes.
A. stratum granulosum
B. stratum spinosum
C. stratum lucidum
D. stratum basale
E. stratum corneum
stratum spinosum
29
What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?
keratin
30
This layer is found only in thick skin.
A. stratum corneum
B. stratum granulosum
C. stratum lucidum
D. stratum basale
E. stratum spinosum
stratum lucidum
31
Thick skin
A. has three different epidermal strata.
B. has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.
C. is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.
D. is found covering most of the body.
E. is determined by the thickness of the dermis.
is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palsm
32
Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following?
A. stratum basale
B. stratum granulosum
C. stratum spinosum
D. stratum lu cidum
E. stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
33
What will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure?
A. papilla e
B. stretch marks
C. callus
D. melanoma
E. carcinoma
callus
34
Skin color is the result of the
A. amount of fat in the hypodermis.
B. quantity of melanin in the skin.
C. number of melanocy tes in the skin.
D. number of keratinocytes in the skin.
E. thickness of the stratum basale.
quantity of melanin in the skin
35
Melanin production can be influenced by
A. genetics.
B. hormo nes.
C. exposure to sunlight.
D. pregnancy.
E. All of these choices are correct.
all of these choices are correct
36
Melanin
A. is transferred to other cells by osmosis.
B. is absent in individuals known as albinos.
C. is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum.
D. makes the skin lighter.
E. is increased with exposure to infrared light.
is absent in individuals known as albinos
37
Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true?
A. Men produce more melanin than women.
B. In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced.
C. During pregnancy melanin production is increased.
D. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin.
E. Melanin is a white pigment.
during pregnancy melanin production is increased
38
Light skinned races such as Caucasians have
A. approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.
B. more melanocytes than races with darker skins.
C. fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.
D. more melanin in their skin.
E. a different kind of melanin in their skin.
approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins
39
The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from
A. a lack of oxygen in the blood.
B. the light scattering properties of collagen.
C. the superficial location of skin pigments.
D. an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area.
E. a lack of melanin in the area.
the light-scattering properties of collagen
40
The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called
cyanosis
41
Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the
A. breakdown of carotene.
B. breakdown of melanin.
C activity of the keratinocytes.
D. activity of the enzyme tyrosinase.
E. buildup of bilirubin.
activity of the enzyme tyrosinase
42
This condition involves the development of white patches on the skin caused by the loss
of melanocytes.
vitiligo
43
A yellow pigment derive d from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is
carotene
44
A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is
albinism
45
The vesicles that contain melanin are
melanosomes
46
Melanin is produced only by
melanocytes
47
A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood
flow. The victim's skin will
A. have a reddish hue.
B. not change color.
C. become bright red.
D. become pale.
E. develop a yellow tint.
become pale
48
The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is
A. cyanosis.
B. jaundice.
C. hematoma.
D. pallor.
E. erythema.
jaundice
49
Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled , but did not penetrate to the hypodermis.
The deepest layer penetrated was the
A. stratum corneum.
B. papillary layer of the dermis.
C. stratum spinosum.
D. stratum basale.
E. stratum granulosum.
papillary layer of the dermis
50
Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis/
eczema
51
Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and
rupture of the
dermis
52
Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin?
A. dermatitis.
B. albinism.
C. melanosomes.
D. carotene.
E. cyanosis.
dermatitis
53
The dermis
A. does not contain connective tissue.
B. is divided into three distinct layers.
C. functions as padding and insulation.
D. contains no blood vessels.
E. is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength
54
Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?
A. epidermis
B. stratum basale
C. stratum corneum
D. stratum granulosum
E. reticular layer of dermis
reticular layer of dermis
55
Rupturing the dermis may cause these to develop.
A. reticular layer
B. papillary layer
C. hypodermis
D. epidermis
E. stretch marks
stretch marks
56
This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis.
A. epidermis
B. reticular layer
C. papillary layer
D. stretch marks
E. hypodermis
papillary layer
57
This is the main fibrous layer of the dermis.
A. hypodermis
B. stretch marks
C. reticular layer
D. papillary layer
E. epidermis
reticular layer
58
When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis
A. is a more vascular tis sue than the hypodermis.
B. and the hypodermis do not contain collagen.
C. contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not.
D. is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
E. has more fat cells than the hypodermis.
is divided into two layer; the hypodermis is not
59
If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s)
was/were cut?
A. stratum corneum
B. stratum basale
C. dermis
D. hypoder mis
E. all of these layers
all of these layers
60
A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the
A. joint.
B. dermis.
C. hypodermis.
D. muscle.
E. epidermis.
hypodermis
61
Adipose tissue in the hypodermis
A. provides protection against infection.
B. serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy.
C. connects the dermis with the epidermis.
D. is absent in infants.
E. helps to lower body temperature.
serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy
62
Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?
A. The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
B. Hypodermis is composed of dense connec tive tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
C. Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
D. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.
E. The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.
Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collage and elastin fibers
63
This is the site of fat storage in the skin.
hypodermis
64
Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called
lanugo hairs
65
At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented
hairs called
terminal hairs
66
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.
B. At puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair.
C. Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented.
D. In males, the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs.
E. The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair.
at puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair
67
The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the
hair shaft
68
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath.
B. Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells.
C. The matrix forms the hair surface.
D. Th e hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands.
E. Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.
undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium
69
The length of hair is determined by the
A. size of the hair bulb.
B. age of the person.
C. length of the resting stage.
D. angle of the hair root.
E. rate of hair growth.
rate of hair growth
70
Baldness
A. occurs only in men.
B. is more common in men than in women.
C. is not genetic.
D. is related to estrogen levels.
E. is related to levels of growth hormone.
is more common in men than in women
71
All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception.
A. In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair.
B. Hair growth occurs in cycles, with growth and resting stages.
C. Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs.
D. Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.
E. The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.
the growth rate of all types of hair is the same
72
The outer surface of the hair is called the
cuticle
73
The central axis of the hair is the
medulla
74
An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the
hair bulb
75
The portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the
root
76
That portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin is the
shaft
77
Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?
A. red
B. white
C. brown
D. auburn
E. black
white
78
Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of
A. sweat.
B. skin folds.
C. hair.
D. skin.
E. nails.
hair
79
Bob was completely bald on the top of his hea d by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations? Select all that apply.
(1) He has fewer functional hair follicles now.
(2) He has fewer functional sebaceous glands
(3) He has fewer merocrine sweat glands
(4) He has fewer apocrine sweat glands
1, 2
80
When the arrector pili muscles contract
A. the body is able to lose heat.
B. no change is noted on the skin surface.
C. the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl.
D. the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin.
E. "goose bumps" form on the skin
goose bumps form on the skin
81
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.
B. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
C. Secretions fr om sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
D. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
E. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands
82
The activity of apocrine sweat glands
A. gi ves the skin a healthy glow.
B. produces sweat on the palm of the hand.
C. leads to body odor.
D. produces cerumen.
E. produces an oily secretion.
leads to body odor
83
Eccrine sweat glands
A. are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.
B. produce a secretion that oils the ha ir and skin.
C. serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.
D. produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.
E. aid in cooling the body.
aid in cooling the body
84
Sweat
A. reaches the body only through the hair follicles.
B. is not associated with emotions.
C. contains only water.
D. is produc ed by a merocrine or apocrine gland.
E. is a hypertonic fluid.
is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland
85
Skin glands do not include
A. sweat glands.
B. sebaceous glands.
C. mammary glands.
D. salivary glands.
E. ceruminous glands.
salivary glands
86
Body odor results from secretions from the ______ sweat glands.
A. eccrine
B. apocrine
C. sebaceous
D. merocrine
E. ceruminous
apocrine
87
Nails
A. are part of the dermis.
B. are soft keratin.
C. protect the ends of digits.
D. alternate between growing and resting stages.
E. grow from their free edges.
protect the ends of digits
88
The nail root and the nail body attach to the
A. nail groove.
B. hyponychium.
C. nail bed.
D. lunula.
E. hypodermis.
nail bed
89
The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the
A. stratum basale.
B. stratum corneum.
C. stratum lucidum.
D. stratum lunula.
E. stratum spinosum.
stratum basale
90
Nail cells are produced by the
A. nail groove.
B. nail body.
C. cuticle.
D. lunula.
E. nail matrix.
nail matrix
91
The nail proper is composed of the
A. stratum corneum.
B. stratum lucidum.
C. stratum germinativum.
D. stratum spinosum.
E. All of these choices are correct.
stratum corneum
92
The stratum corneum beneath th e free edge of the nail is the
A. nail root.
B. eponychium.
C. hyponychium.
D. nail fold.
E. nail body.
hyponychium
93
The skin that covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail is the
A. hyponychiu m.
B. nail root.
C. nail fold.
D. eponychium.
E. nail body.
nail fold
94
The proximal portion of the nail is the
A. nail root.
B. hyponychium.
C. nail body.
D. nail fold.
E. eponychium.
nail root
95
The distal portion of the nail is the
A. nail body.
B. eponychium.
C. nail fold.
D. hyponychium.
E. nail root.
nail body
96
What is synonymous with the cuticle?
eponychium
97
One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical
involved?
A. proteins
B. carbohydrates
C. lipid soluble substances
D. amino acids
E. water soluble substances
lipid-soluble substances
98
Impetigo is caused by the bacterium
Staphylococcus
99
Ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a
fungus
100
Another name for a bedsore is
decubitus ulcer
101
101.
Intact skin provides protection because
A. the skin enhances water loss from the body.
B. macrophages roam in the epidermis.
C. its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline.
D. the skin contains components of the excretory system.
E. it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.
it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes
102
By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role
in
A. respiration.
B. circulation.
C. digestion.
D. excretion.
E. immunity.
immunity
103
An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following?
A. fluid retention by the kidney
B. increased m elanin production
C. portal of entry for microorganisms
D. loss of cell regeneration ability
E. irreversible damage to the epidermis
portal of entry for microorganisms
104
Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels,
A. body heat is conserved.
B. more blood enters into the heart.
C. more blood flows to the skin.
D. body temperature tends to drop in that area.
E. the blood vessels become dilated.
body heat is conserved
105
An increase in body t emperature causes
A. sweating.
B. an increase in melanin production.
C. an increase in keratinization of the skin.
D. arterioles in the dermis to constrict.
E. arrector pili muscles to contract.
sweating
106
Which of the followi ng will help cool the body?
A. decreased blood flow to the skin
B. absorption of excess sweat
C. evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface
D. absorption of ultraviolet light rays by the skin
E. contraction of the arrector pili muscles
evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface
107
On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results
from
A. dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks.
B. constriction of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks.
C. increased permeability of superficial vessels.
D. constriction of the sweat glands in the cheeks.
E. damage to the epidermis by the cold.
dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks
108
By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain
A. blood pH.
B. body temperature homeostasis.
C. brain activity.
D. body structure.
E. blood volume.
body temperature homeostasis
109
Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?
A. vitamin C
B. vitamin E
C. vitamin B
D. vitamin D
E. vitamin A
vitamin D
110
Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false?
A. Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth.
B. Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.
C. Vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis.
D. Vitam in D is necessary for the uptake of calcium from the intestine.
E. Vitamin D begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light.
Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium.
111
Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not
suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is,
A. their exposure to U.V. light in the summer will last for a year.
B. they do not need vitamin D.
C. their bodies produce vitamin D another way.
D. they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals.
E. they do not require sunlight for vitamin D formation.
they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals.
112
Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. He has what type of burn?
A. second degree
B. fourth degree
C. first degree
D. fifth degree
E. third degree
second degree
113
Which of the following is NOT a type of burn?
A. partial thickness burn
B. third degree burn
C. full thickness burn
D. second degree burn
E. primary burn
primary burn
114
The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the
A. cause of the burn.
B. amount of pain.
C. color of the skin.
D. rule of nines.
E. ABCDE rule.
rule of nines
115
Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn?
A. local edema
B. veno us thrombosis
C. increased immunity
D. decreased heart pumping ability
E. shock
increased immunity
116
Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn?
A. electrolyte imbalance
B. weight loss
C. fever
D. hypermetabolic state
E. decreased protein demand
decreased protein demand
117
What type of burn appears white or black with no immediate pain?
A. second degree
B. third degree
C. fourth degree
D. first degree
E. partial thickness
third-degree
118
What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?
A. Full thickness
B. Partial thickness
C. Second degree
D. Total dermal thickness
E. First degree
full thickness
119
A slight sunburn is an example of a ______ burn.
A. third degree
B. fourth degree
C. partial thickness
D. first degree
E. second degree
first-degree
120
Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging?
A. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin.
B. Skin becomes thicker.
C. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases.
D. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin.
E. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.
loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin
121
With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home
set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly
A. exhibit a decrease in melanin production.
B. no longer experience hot flashes a t night.
C. have less blood flowing to the skin.
D. have an increase in desquamation.
E. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.
experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.
122
Acne is caused by
A. testosterone.
B. sebum.
C. abnormal keratinization of hair follicles.
D. Propionibacterium
E. All of these are factors.
all of these are factors
123
Identify the functions of the integumentary system. Select all that apply.
A. Blood cell production
B. Resistance to infection
C. Sensation of environmental stimuli
D. Thermoregulation
E. Vitamin E synthesis
B, C, D
124
Melanin is found in which cells?
A. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes
B. Only melanocytes
C. Both melanocytes and Langerhans cells
D. Only keratinocytes
both melanocytes and keratinocytes
125
Describe the movement of melanin in the skin.
A. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes.
B. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to Merkel cells.
C. Melanocytes carry melanin with them as they migrate toward the skin surface.
D. Melanin is transferred from keratinocytes to melanocytes.
Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes.
126
The vesicles that contain melanin are called ______.
A. keratinocytes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. melanosomes
D. melanocytes
melanosomes
127
Describe the effect of exposure to
UV rays on the skin.
A. Improved skin tone
B. Increased vitamin B production
C. Increased melanin synthesis
D. Decreased cancer risk
Increased melanin synthesis
128
When the skin develops a reddish color due to a temporary increase in blood flow, the condition is called:
A. jaundice
B. albinism
C. cyanosis
D. erythema
erythema
129
A parent of a baby visits her pediatrician because her baby is turning orange. Fortunately, the baby's lab tests indicate no abnormality. What could be causing the orange coloration?
A. The mother has been feeding the baby orange soda.
B. The baby’s diet consists of mostly
sweet potatoes and carrots.
C. There is no logical explanation for this coloration change.
D. The baby was in the sun too long.
the baby's diet consists of mostly sweet potatoes and carrots
130
Indicate the statements that describe erythema. Select all that apply.
A. It can be caused by emotions such as anger.
B. It occurs during pregnancy when estrogen and melanocyte
stimulating hormone levels have increased.
C. It may occur in response to exposure to the cold.
D. It results from an inflammatory response.
E. It can be caused by emotions such as embarrassment.
A,C,D,E
131
Indicate the factors that do NOT directly determine the amount and rate of melanin production in an individual.
A. Exposure to light
B. Genetic factors
C. Hormones levels
D. Ingestion of dark, leafy vegetables
E. Physical fitness
physical fitness
132
The primary determinant for skin color is the
______ , not the number of melanocytes
amount of melanin
133
Select the regions that are composed of loose connective tissue.
A. Epidermis of the skin
B. Papillary layer of dermis
C. Reticular layer of the dermis
D. Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
B,D
134
True or False: The subcutaneous tissue is part of the skin or the integumentary system.
false
135
Subcutaneous tissue contains of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. collagen and elastin fibers
B. macrophages
C. stratified squamous epithelial tissue
D. fibroblasts and adipocytes
E. loose connective tissue
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
136
Indicate the statements that apply to the arrector pili. Select all that apply.
A. They consist of smooth muscle cells
B. They are associated with hair follicles
C. They extend from the dermal root sheath to the papillary layer of the dermis
D. They extend from the root sheath to the basement membrane of the epidermis
ABC
137
The contraction of the arrector pili:
A. pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface
B. pulls the follicle into a more oblique angle in relation to the skin surface
pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface
138
Name the layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived.
A. Hypodermis
B. Epidermis
C. Dermis
Epidermis
139
Fingernails are comprised of:
A. collagen deposited by the lunula and the matrix
B. proteins secreted by the nail groove from the matrix
C. epithelial and collagen fibers produced in the dermis
D. thin, dead scaly cells
thin, dead scaly cells
140
Which region of the nail contains the stratum basale layer?
A. the cuticle
B. the hyponychium
C. the free edge
D. the matrix
the matrix
141
Touch receptors of the skin are located in all of these areas, except:
A. in the dermis
B. within the hair of the dermis and epidermis
C. in the epidermis
D. in the dermal papillae
E. around the base of the hair follicle
within the hair of the dermis and epidermis
142
The dermis contains receptors that detect: (select all that apply)
A. changes in pressure
B. pH differences
C. pain
D. touch
E. variations in temperature
A,C,D,E
143
A burn classified as partial thickness could be _____.
A. epidermal or dermal
B. first or second degree
C. second or third degree
D. thin or deep
first or second degree
144
Indicate the statements that correctly describe partial thickness burns. Select all that apply.
A. They are subdivided into first and second degree burns
B. They may involve only the epidermis
C. They are also called third degree burns
D. They involve the complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis
A,B
145
The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except:
A. loss of fat from the subcutaneous tissue
B. thinner epidermis
C. increases in sebaceous gland activity
D. reduction in collagen and elastin
increases in sebaceous gland activity
146
Which of the following is the most common form of skin cancer?
A. Small cell carcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Basal cell carcinoma
D. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma
147
Which of the following people would have the greatest risk of getting
skin cancer?
A. A 31 year old dark skinned male
B. A 23 year old female with blond hair and hazel eyes
C. A 55 year old male with brown hair and brown eyes
D. A 68 year old male with blond hair and blue eyes
A 68 year old male with blond hair and blue eyes
148
One function of the integumentary system is to act as a barrier to bacteria, however there are many microbes that already live on or in our bodies without causing infections. Some treatments for acne include specific oral antibiotics, such as erythromycin and tetracycline, to reduce the amount of Propionibacterium a cnes on the skin and in the follicles. Knowing there are both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ bacterial forms of P. acnes , which of the following statements about using antibiotics is true? Check all that apply.
A. Some “good” bacteria are reduced.
B. Some “bad” bacteria are reduced
C. Only “bad” bacteria are reduced.
D. Some new bacterial infections can begin.
E. Some new bacterial infections can be prevented.
F. Only old infections can be controlled.
G. Some “good” bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections.
H. Some “bad” bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections.
A,B,D,E,G,H
149
The acne associated bacterium Propionibacterium acnes are found in sebum rich of the skin, such as the arms, palms, and
axillary regions. T/F.
false
150
A recent study demonstrated that there are three unique strains of Propionibacterium acnes ; two strains are more prevalent in people with acne; however, one of which appears not to be pathogenic to humans and is more prevalent in people with ‘clear’ skin. Additionally, the strain of P. acnes found in healthy skin kills the of invading bacteria, including the pathogenic P. acnes. Which of the following statements about the targeted removal of ‘bad’ P. acnes and addition of 'good' P. acnes is INCORRECT?
A. Once removed, the invading pathogenic P. acnes can not regrow on the skin.
B. After “bad” P. acne s is removed, the applications of "good" P. acnes should be able to grow and kill invasive bacteria.
Once removed, the invading pathogenic P. acnes can not regrow on the skin
151
Scientists, stud ying skin microbes, have identified three unique strains of the bacterium P. acnes ., all of which are found on the skin. These bacteria break down fats, resulting an a low skin pH. This low pH is alkaline in nature and makes the environment unfavorable to invading bacteria. T/F.
false
152
Which four factors are believed to be responsible for acne? Check the four that apply.
A. Overproduction of sweat by eccrine glands
B. Bacteria, including Propionibacterium acnes
C. Hormone levels
D. Viruses, including Herpes virus
E. Sugary and fried food
F. Overproduction of sebum by sebaceous glands
G. Abnormal production of cells
B,C,F,G
153
Accutane (Isotretinoin) is a prescriptive drug used for treatment of severe acne by reducing the production of sebum. However this drug tends to have significant side effects including increased intracranial pressure, depression, clinical hepatitis and acute pancreatitis. Based on what you have learned about sebum, what would be the side effects of decreased sebum production for the integumentary system? Check all that apply.
A. Increased infections
B. Brittle hair
C. Oily skin
D. Increased water loss from skin
E. Cracked skin
A,B,D,E
154
Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases ‘peeling’ or shedding of skin. This drugs’ side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the sebum production?
A. Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.
B. No, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.
C. No, the effect is on the epidermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.
D. Yes, the effect is on the epidermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.
Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there
