CHAPTER 4 VOCAB

Question 1

Affix

Answer 1

a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form- prefixes, suffixes, infixes

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

a bound morpheme is attached to a morphological base

Question 3

agglutinating Language

Answer 3

language that has a morphological system in which words as a rule are polymorphemic and each morpheme corresponds to a single lexical meaning.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar. ie: [s] in cats, [z] in dogs, [z] in churches. Three pronunciations are allomorphs of the same morpheme.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization. called alternant. affected by the phonological, morphological, or syntatic environment of the morpheme.

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a quality of language that makes speech of text open to multiple interpretations.

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

a language that organizes words and grammar by strict word order instead of inflections, or word endings that show grammar.

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

a morpheme with no linguistic meaning unless they are connected to a root, base, or other bound morpheme.

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

conjunctions, determines, pronouns, prepositions- cannot add new words- and or but a the he she they of an under

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

process of combining 2 words (free morphemes) to create new words

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words in the same clause.

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

root that forms the semantic core of a major class word. nouns, adverbs, adjs, verbs

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

words that have meaning

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

formation of a word from an earlier word or root. black + bird dis+connect

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a modifying word that determines the kind of references a noun or noun group has

Question 17

form

Answer 17

phonology, morphology, syntax

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

a morpheme that can stand alone. eat, date, weak

Question 19

functional morpheme

Answer 19

a morpheme that modifies the meaning of a word, closed class

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

and, but, when, because, on, near

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

synthetic language, one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, level of discourse

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

words of different origins become identical in pronunciation. ad add ball bawl eye I

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with another element (noun, etc)

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

affix inserted inside a word system

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

the change in form of a word to mark such distinction as tense, person, numbers, gender, mood, voice, etc

Question 27

input

Answer 27

exposure learners have to authentic language in use

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

classes of words that differ in how other words can be constructed out of them. pronouns, nouns, verbs, adjs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

a person's vocabulary knowledge

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

a meaningful unit of language that cannot be further divided. un-break-able

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

the study of words- how they are formed and relationships to other words in the language.

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

nouns, verbs, adj, and adverbs. new words can be added

Question 33

output

Answer 33

language produced by speaking, writing, signing

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

reduplication of part of a word (base) that begins with a consonant

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

highly synthetic language wtih many morphemes

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

word, letter, or number that is placed before another affix/stem word

Question 37

prepostion

Answer 37

word governing and usually preceding a noun or pronoun, and expressing relation to antoerh word or element in that clause. "she arrived AFTER dinner"

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

the degree to which native speakers of a language use a grammatical process, especially in word formation

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

a word that substitutes a noun or noun phrase

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

morphological process in which the root or stem of a word or whole word is repeated exactly, or with slight change

Question 41

root

Answer 41

core of a word that is irreducible into more meaningful elements, primary lexical unit

Question 42

simultaneous affix

Answer 42

only in ASL- affix is articulated at the same time as some other affix/affixes in a word stem

Question 43

stem

Answer 43

part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning

Question 44

suffix

Answer 44

morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivitive (after the stem)

Question 45

suppletion

Answer 45

the occurance of an unrelated form to fill a gap in a conjunction (went is past tense of go)