chapter 4 vocab Flashcards
The diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane.
Osmosis
The movement of particles from an area of higher density to areas of lower density.
Diffusion
Molecule that move to an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Passive transport
The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy.
Active transport
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others.
Selectively permeable
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.
Photosynthesis
The process by which the cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle in the cell.
Endocytosis
The process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane.
Exocytosis
A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell.
Vesicle
The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.
Cellular respiration
A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes.
Phospholipid Bilayer
The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen.
Fermentation
The life cycle of a cell
Cell cycle
In a eukaryotic cell, one if the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure.
Homologous chromosomes
