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OB/GYN I > Chapter 41 > Flashcards

Chapter 41 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the bladder act as a window for sonography of the pelvis

A

when distended, bladder rises into false pelvis and pushes peritoneum away from anterior abd wall which displaces bowel gas

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2
Q

How can the overfilled bladder affect sonography of the pelvis

A

pelvic organs will be compresses, degrading the image

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3
Q

The ________ and ________ muscles form the pelvic floor

A

coccygeus, levator ani

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4
Q

The _______ is the diamond shaped area from the pubic symphysis to the anus and bordered laterally by the ischial tuberosities

A

perineum

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5
Q

The _______ muscle group is used as a landmark for locating the external iliac artery and vein and the ovary

A

iliopsoas

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6
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of the _______ muscles anteriorly and the ______ muscles posteriorly

A

levator ani, coccygeus

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7
Q

The main blood supply for the uterus is via the ______ artery which is a branch of the _______ artery

A

uterine, internal iliac

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8
Q

The ovary receives blood via the ovarian artery which is a branch of the

A

aorta

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9
Q

The ovarian vein drains into

A

left renal vein

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10
Q

The vagina has two sources of blood

A

vaginal artery and internal pudendal artery

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11
Q

List the internal organs of the female pelvis

A

vagina, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus

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12
Q

List the external genitalia of the female

A

mons pubis, labia major, labia minora, clitoris, urethral opening, vestibule of vagina

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13
Q

The _______ is a muscular tube composed mainly of smooth muscle with some skeletal muscle at the distal end. It is about ______ cm long

A

vagina, 9

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14
Q

Where do the secretions in the vagina come from

A

Vaginal wall mucous glands of cervix and vestibular glands of vagina

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15
Q

The area where the vagina encircles the cervix is called the

A

fornices/fornix

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16
Q

The ______ is a mobile, hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ in the female pelvis

A

uterus

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17
Q

What are normal dimension of the post-menarche, normal menarche, and pre menarche uterus

A

premenarcheal: 1-3 cm long, 0.5-1.0 cm wide
menarcheal: 6-8 cm long, 3-5 cm wide
post menarcheal: 3.5-5.5 cm long, 2-3 cm wide

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18
Q

Describe the three layers of the uterine wall

A

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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19
Q

______ refers to the direction that the cervix is pointing

A

version

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20
Q

______ refers to the direction that the unterus is pointing

A

flexion

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21
Q

If the fundus and body of uterus are bend towards the cervix, it is

A

anteflexion

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22
Q

If the entire uterus is tilted posteriorly it is

A

retroversion

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23
Q

If the entire uterus is tilted backward with fundus and body folded posteriorly upon the cervix, it is

A

retroversion with retroflexion

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24
Q

The ________ surround the fallopian tubes, ovaries, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves and support support the uterus laterally

A

broad ligament

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25
The ______ layer of the endometrium is a superficial layer made up of glands and stroma that is sloughed off each month if pregnancy does not occur
functional
26
The _____ layer of the endometrium is a thin deep layer of endometrial glands that regenerates a new endometrium after menses
basal
27
Describe the dimensions of the normal fallopian tube
10-12 cm long and 1-4 mm in diameter
28
The fallopian tube is located in a special layer of the broad ligament called the
mesosalpinx
29
Describe the normal size of the hormonally active ovary
3cm x 3cm x 2cm
30
What hormones are secreted by the ovary
estrogen and progesterone
31
What hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland
FSH, LH
32
The follicles are located in the ______ of the ovary
cortex
33
A mature follicle typically measures _____ right before ovulation
2-2.5cm
34
Describe the changes in the appearance of the endometrium on sonography at the different stages of the menstrual cycle
1-4 early menses 3-7 menses 5-9 proliferative
35
What does premenarche mean
does not have menses
36
Define menarche
onset of menses
37
Define menopause
cessation of menses
38
Is fluid in the pouch of douglas always considered abnormal
no
39
The paramesonephric ducts from the
uterus and upper portions of uterus
40
How is ovarian volume calculated
length x width x height (thickness) x 0.523
41
What causes precocious puberty
malformation of hypothalmus and pituitary gland
42
The upper limit of normal ovarian volume for the adult, pre-menopausal female
12cc 9.8 cm^2
43
Ovum
female egg
44
Estrogen
female hormone secreted by follicles
45
Amenorrhea
absence of menstration
46
Menses
menstration
47
True pelvis
aka lesser or minor pelvis, area below pelvic brim
48
Polymenorrhea
cycle occurs at intervals less than 21 days
49
Round ligament
fibrous cords in front of and below fallopian tubes between layers of broad ligaments
50
Mesosalpinx
upper portions of broad ligament that enclose fallopian tubes
51
Corpus Luteum
secretes progesterone, surface of ovary- until placenta is formed
52
Luteinizine hormone
secreted by anterior pituitary gland, stimulates ovulation, forms corpus luteum
53
Dysmenorrhea
painful periods, associated with endometriosis
54
Ovarian ligament
extends from inferior-medial pole aka utero-ovarian ligament
55
Suspensory ligament
extends from infundibulum of fallopian tube
56
Uterosacral ligament
posterior portion of cardinal ligament extends from cervix to sacrum
57
Gonadotropin
stimulates function of testes and ovaries, FSH and LH, secreted by hypothalmus
58
Oligomenorrhea
abnormally short or light periods- associated with PCOS
59
Vesicouterine recess
(pouch) pelvic cavity between bladder and uterus aka anterior cul de sac
60
Rectouterine recess
between rectum and uterus aka posterior all de sac aka pouch of douglas
61
Menopause
menses have ceased permanently
62
Menarche
onset of menstration
63
False pelvis
above brim aka greater or major pelvis
64
Oocyte
incompletely developed or immature ovum
65
Spave of retzius
between anterior bladder wall and pubic symphysis
66
Levator ani
muscle across pelvic diaphragm like a hammock, supports pelvic organs
67
Mesovarium
posterior portion of broad ligament that encloses fallopian tubes
68
Coccygeus
pelvic diaphragm, posterior pelvic floor, supports the coccyx

OB/GYN I (13 decks)

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