Chapter 41 Vocab

Question 1

Acute Mountain Sickness

Answer 1

s/s that may occur when a person ascends to 2000m too rapidly

Question 2

Arterial gas embolism

Answer 2

condition caused by ascent barotraumas in which blood vessels are occluded by air bubbles

Question 3

Barotrauma

Answer 3

diving injuries that occur when air pressure in the hollow spaces of the body (sinuses) increases

Question 4

Boyle’s law

Answer 4

states that at a constant temp., gas varies inversely with its pressure

Question 5

Charles’ law

Answer 5

a law of physics that states all gases will expand equally when heated and contract when cooled

Question 6

Conduction

Answer 6

heat loss through direct contact with a cooler object

Question 7

Convection

Answer 7

heat lost to air molecules that are passed across the skin from a moving current

Question 8

Dalton’s law

Answer 8

law that states that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in it

Question 9

Decompression sickness

Answer 9

condition that occurs as nitrogen gas bubbles are produced and accumulated in the blood and tissues as a result of rapid ascent during a dive

Question 10

Drowning

Answer 10

suffocation from submersion in a liquid medium

Question 11

Dysbarism

Answer 11

medical condition resulting from changes in atmospheric pressure, IE, high altitude or diving

Question 12

Evaporation

Answer 12

liquid turning to vapor; perspiration evaporating and carrying away heat from skin

Question 13

Exertional heatstroke

Answer 13

environmental emergency that occurs in individuals who are exercising or working in a hot environment in which the core temp. rapidly rises

Question 14

Heat cramps

Answer 14

least severe heat emergency, muscles cramps from overexertion and dehydration

Question 15

Heat exhaustion

Answer 15

moderate heat emergency, includes inadequate perfusion, creating mild state of shock

Question 16

Heatstroke

Answer 16

severe heat emergency, when body’s thermoregulators cease to work

Question 17

Henry’s law

Answer 17

law that states that solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional at a particular temp. to the pressure of that gas above the liquid

Question 18

High altitude cerebral edema

Answer 18

swelling in the brain tissue in response to a high altitude environment, leading to ICP

Question 19

High altitude pulmonary edmea

Answer 19

increase in lung interstitial fluid that occurs at altitudes of 2500m or higher

Question 20

Nitrogen narcosis

Answer 20

diving emergency in which a state of stupor results from nitrogen’s effect on cerebral function

Question 21

Radiation

Answer 21

heat transfer from the body into still air

Question 22

Thermal gradient

Answer 22

the difference between body and environmental temps

Question 23

Thermogenesis

Answer 23

process of generating heat

Question 24

Thermolysis

Answer 24

process of transferring heat from the body to the environment

Question 25

Thermoreceptors

Answer 25

sensory nerve endings that monitor temperature within the body

Question 26

Thermoregulation

Answer 26

process by which the body adjusts its core temp to maintain it within normal range

Question 27

Type 1 decompression sickness

Answer 27

mild illness resulting from rapid ascent from a dive

Question 28

Type 2 decompression sickness

Answer 28

serious condition resulting from rapid ascent from a dive that produces s/s of the respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems