Chapter 10 Vocab

Question 1

Anaphylaxis

Answer 1

Life-threatening allergic reaction that produces shock through vasodilation and fluid shift

Question 2

Anatomical dead space

Answer 2

part of airway where gas is present, but no mechanism to exchange gas with blood

Question 3

Apoptosis

Answer 3

cell death because the cell is programmed to since it is damaged

Question 4

Asphyxiation

Answer 4

cellular deprivation of O2

Question 5

Atelectasis

Answer 5

an airless state in which the alveoli are collapsed

Question 6

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

heart disorder where it is enlarged and cannot function effectively

Question 7

Clinical impression

Answer 7

preliminary idea of what the patient’s problem is based on vitals, signs/symptoms, and prior knowledge

Question 8

Compensated shock

Answer 8

state of inadequate perfusion where body can adjust to keep perfusion at cost of circulation to peripheral tissues

Question 9

Decompensated shock

Answer 9

state of inadequate perfusion where body can no longer adjust to provide to O2 to organs

Question 10

Defibrillation

Answer 10

electrical current to heart from pads that stops V tach and V fib

Question 11

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 11

hyperglycemic emergency where patient has dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance

Question 12

Dysrhythmia

Answer 12

heart rate that is irregular, tachy or brady, or that starts from site other an SA node

Question 13

Hemorrhagic shock

Answer 13

inadequate tissue perfusion due to blood loss

Question 14

Hyperpyrexia

Answer 14

extremely high fever, above 106 F

Question 15

Hyperthermia

Answer 15

Higher than normal body temp, normally due to environment

Question 16

Hypothermia

Answer 16

Lower than normal body temp

Question 17

Hypoxia

Answer 17

decreased level of O2 at cellular level

Question 18

Irreversible shock

Answer 18

state of shock, where even with resuscitation, the patient will ultimately die due to tissue damage

Question 19

Ischemia

Answer 19

severely diminished or absent blood flow to tissues

Question 20

Ischemic phase

Answer 20

phase of shock where capillary sphinters constrict to diverted blood away from peripheral tissues and GI system

Question 21

Lactic acid

Answer 21

chemical formed from pyruvate in anaerobic metabolism

Question 22

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

a decreased blood pH, and decrease in bicarbonate level in blood

Question 23

Pathology

Answer 23

study of disease states

Question 24

Pathophysiology

Answer 24

the study of impact of diseases on the body and the body’s response

Question 25

Pneumothorax

Answer 25

accumulation of air between pleural layers, occupying where lungs would normally be

Question 26

Pulmonary edema

Answer 26

increase in interstitial fluid in lungs, increasing distance from gases to travel during respiration exchange

Question 27

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 27

obstruction of pulmonary circulation by blood clot, etc.

Question 28

Pyruvate

Answer 28

initial substance formed in anaerobic phase of cellular metabolism. O2 uses it for ATP production in Krebs cycle, or w/out it becomes lactic acid.

Question 29

Respiratory arrest

Answer 29

an absence of breathing; apnea

Question 30

Respiratory failure

Answer 30

inability to maintain adequate ventilation and O2

Question 31

Shock

Answer 31

State where tissue perfusion is not enough for metabolic needs

Question 32

Signs

Answer 32

indications of injury or illness that can be observed

Question 33

Sodium/Potassium pump

Answer 33

mechanism of cell that uses energy to exchange Na+ and K+ across the membrane

Question 34

Stagnant phase

Answer 34

phase of shock where precapillary sphinter fails, and blood enters capillaries, but is blocked by postcapillary sphincter where it pools, collecting lactic acid and forming clots