Chapter 8 Vocab

Question 1

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 1

Neurotransmitter in the voluntary nervous system, & in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS.

Question 2

Acids

Answer 2

A substance that can give up a H+ ion

Question 3

Action Potential

Answer 3

Temporary electrical change in a cell that from - to + that allows impulse to go to adjacent cells

Question 4

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 4

Cell energy production that uses 02 and results in H2O and CO2

Question 5

Alkali

Answer 5

A substance that can receive a H+ ion

Question 6

Alpha1 receptor

Answer 6

Molecule in cells that binds with Norepinephrine and epinephrine to cause vasoconstriction.

Question 7

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 7

Cell energy production without using O2, results in pyruvic acid as wasts

Question 8

antibodies

Answer 8

substances made by immune system that can recognize antigens and attack them

Question 9

antigens

Answer 9

any foreign body or substance that enters the body

Question 10

automaticity

Answer 10

property of cardiac cells that allows them to create their own electrical impulse

Question 11

basilar skull

Answer 11

floor of the cranial cavity

Question 12

bicarbonate

Answer 12

an anion (HCO3-) that can combine with other substances, high levels indicate alkolosis

Question 13

bile

Answer 13

Digestive enzyme from liver that breaks up fats

Question 14

Boyle’s law

Answer 14

That gas volume and pressure are inversely related

Question 15

buffer system

Answer 15

mechanisms in body that prevent significant changes in pH

Question 16

calyx

Answer 16

meaning “cup,” the renal calyces serve to collect urine

Question 17

cerbrospinal fluid

Answer 17

serious fluid that cushions brain and spinal cord

Question 18

chemoreceptor

Answer 18

sensory cells that respond to chemical changes in body fluids to maintain homeostasis

Question 19

conductivity

Answer 19

the ability of a structure to allow an impulse to travel through it

Question 20

connective tissue

Answer 20

binds together and provides support for body structures

Question 21

cutaneous

Answer 21

pertaining to the skin

Question 22

depolarization

Answer 22

equilizing the difference in electrical charge across a cell membrane by moving ions

Question 23

diffuse

Answer 23

movement of solutes from high concentration to low concentration

Question 24

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 24

abnormal formation of blood clots within vascular system

Question 25

electrolyte

Answer 25

compound that dissociates into ions in a solution

Question 26

embryo

Answer 26

human organism from day 4 through 8th week of developement

Question 27

endothelium

Answer 27

epithelial tissue that lines inside of a structure

Question 28

epithelial tissue

Answer 28

layers of cells that cover or line a structure, allowing for adsorption, secretion, protection, or any specialized funtion

Question 29

excitability

Answer 29

property of being able to respond to stimuli

Question 30

extracellular fluid

Answer 30

fluid that is outside of the cells

Question 31

fetus

Answer 31

human organism from 60 gestation till birth

Question 32

filtrate

Answer 32

fluid that has passes through a filter

Question 33

foramen magnum

Answer 33

large opening at base of the skull that allows brain stem to connect to spinal cord

Question 34

glucagon

Answer 34

hormone secreted by pancreas that breaks down glycogen into glucose

Question 35

glycolysis

Answer 35

the breakdown of glucose

Question 36

gradient

Answer 36

graduated change in the degree of a property present

Question 37

hemoglobin

Answer 37

iron containing protein molecule in RBCs

Question 38

hemostasis

Answer 38

process in which the body stops bleeding using vasoconstriction, platelets, and fibrin

Question 39

histamine

Answer 39

substance released from WBCs that cause vasodilation, increased mucous production, aka allergic response

Question 40

homeostasis

Answer 40

equilibrium in the body through feedback and adjustment

Question 41

hormones

Answer 41

molecules that are chemical messengers secreted into blood

Question 42

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 42

pressure from non-moving water

Question 43

insulin

Answer 43

hormone released in response into increased blood glucose levels, moves glucose into cells

Question 44

ion

Answer 44

chemical particle with a charge

Question 45

Krebs Cycle

Answer 45

reactions in mitochondria where pyruvic acid is converted to energy

Question 46

lumen

Answer 46

open channel within a structure, like an artery or vein

Question 47

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 47

average pressure exerted against walls of arteries

Question 48

metabolism

Answer 48

sum of all chemical and physical changes in the body

Question 49

millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Answer 49

measurement of pressure, how much to raise a column of mercury by 1 mm

Question 50

neurotransmitters

Answer 50

chemical messenger secreted from synaptic terminal of an axon into synapse between receiving structure (neuron, muscle, etc)

Question 51

osmolarity

Answer 51

concentration of ions in a solution

Question 52

osmosis

Answer 52

diffusion of water across semi-permeable membrane

Question 53

osmotic pressure

Answer 53

force with which water passes through a membrane

Question 54

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 54

cell process where adenosine triphosphate (ATP) if produced from adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 55

partial pressure

Answer 55

pressure of an individual gas in a mixture of gases

Question 56

perfusion

Answer 56

provision of O2 and nutrients at the cellular level

Question 57

pH

Answer 57

potential of hydrogen as measured by H+ conentration

Question 58

pulse pressure

Answer 58

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 59

repolarization

Answer 59

return of cell to polarized state after depolarization

Question 60

respiration

Answer 60

exchange of gas between body and environment

Question 61

respiratory membrane

Answer 61

tissue layer though which gas exchange occurs between alveoli and capillaries

Question 62

serous fluid

Answer 62

watery fluid in the peritoneum lining of abdominal cavity

Question 63

surfactant

Answer 63

wetting agent that allows fluid to spread across surface

Question 64

sutures

Answer 64

immovable joints that join bones of skull together

Question 65

tidal volume

Answer 65

amount of air in normal expiration

Question 66

ventilation

Answer 66

movement of air in and out of lungs

Question 67

villi

Answer 67

finger-like projection of certain cells that increase surface area

Question 68

zygote

Answer 68

cell from union of sperm and egg