chapter 5

Question 1

what is ecology?

Answer 1

the study of interactions between organisms and their living/non-living environment

Question 2

what is the naming, describing, and classification of all living organisms including plants?

Answer 2

taxonomy

Question 3

what is watershed?

Answer 3

the land that drains towards a lake or other body of water

Question 4

what helps indicate how healthy an ecosystem is?

Answer 4

biological diversity

Question 5

what is genetic diversity?

Answer 5

the amount of variation within a species

Question 6

what is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 6

the method of naming organisms using two names

Question 7

which types of names are used in binomial nomenclature?

Answer 7

genus name and species name (ex: homo (genus) - sapiens (species))

Question 8

what group of organisms can interbreed and produce fertile offspring called?

Answer 8

species

Question 9

what are the categories used to classify organisms?

Answer 9

taxa

Question 10

what is the evolutionary history of a species or group of organisms?

Answer 10

phylogeny

Question 11

what is paleontology?

Answer 11

the study of fossils

Question 12

what is a dichotomous key?

Answer 12

a key used to identify living things

Question 13

how do we calculate the age of fossils and rocks?

Answer 13

radiometric dating

Question 14

what makes up the 5 kingdom system?

Answer 14

animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, and monera

Question 15

what makes up the 6 kingdom system?

Answer 15

archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia

Question 16

what are the types of evolution?

Answer 16

divergent evolution, convergent evolution, mutation, embryology, fossil records, etc.

Question 17

what is divergent evolution?

Answer 17

the evolution of many different things. (homologous)

Question 18

what is convergent evolution?

Answer 18

independent evolution in different species that gives rise to similar functions. (analogous)

Question 19

what is embryology?

Answer 19

the study of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus

Question 20

what are fossil records?

Answer 20

all the fossils that have been found, along with their relative ages

Question 21

what is lamarck’s theory of evolution?

Answer 21

anything that happens to a parent during its life is passed onto its offspring

Question 22

what is spontaneous generation?

Answer 22

the belief that living things arose from non-living things

Question 23

what is darwin’s theory of evolution?

Answer 23

those with reproductive/genetic success will pass on the preferred variation to their offspring through a process of elimination

Question 24

what is beneficial mutation?

Answer 24

mutations that enhance an organism’s fitness (reproductive success)

Question 25

what is harmful mutation?

Answer 25

mutations that reduce an organism's fitness (reproductive success)

Question 26

what is neutral mutation?

Answer 26

a mutation that does not affect an organism's fitness (reproductive success)

Question 27

what is a homologous feature?

Answer 27

features with similar structures but different functions

Question 28

what is an analogous feature?

Answer 28

features that are similar in appearance but don't have the same evolutionary origin

Question 29

what is natural selection?

Answer 29

reproductive success of individuals caused by variation in their inherited characteristics

Question 30

what is artificial selection?

Answer 30

the process of human selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits

Question 31

what is survival of the fittest?

Answer 31

organisms with successful genes/traits will outlive those without them and pass the traits down to offspring

Question 32

what is sexual reproduction?

Answer 32

production of offspring by two parents, in which offspring have genes from both parents

Question 33

what is asexual reproduction?

Answer 33

production of offspring from one parent, offspring are all identical

Question 34

what is the theory of gradualism?

Answer 34

the idea that speciation occurs slowly

Question 35

what is the theory of punctuated equilibrium?

Answer 35

the idea that species evolve rapidly, followed by a period of little to no change

Question 36

what is speciation?

Answer 36

a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics

Question 37

what is allopatric speciation?

Answer 37

occurs when a species separates into two separate groups that are isolated from one another

Question 38

what are vestigial features?

Answer 38

structures with no useful function

Question 39

what is a species that is only found in one location?

Answer 39

endemic

Question 40

what is biogeography?

Answer 40

the study of the geographic distribution of life on earth

Question 41

what is the difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria?

Answer 41

eubacteria's cell wall contains peptidoglycan whilst archaebacteria's cell wall does not

Question 42

what acronym is used for the taxa categories?

Answer 42

king (kingdom) philip (phylum) can (class) only (order) find (family) green (genus) shoes (species)