chapter 7

Question 1

what are the products created from glycolysis?

Answer 1

(2) ATP, (2) NADPH, (2) pyruvate

Question 2

what are the reactants needed for glycolysis?

Answer 2

glucose, (2) ADP, (2) NADP+

Question 3

what reactants are needed for pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 3

pyruvate, coenzyme A

Question 4

what products are created from pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 4

NADH, acetyl CoA, CO2

Question 5

what are the reactants needed for the krebs cycle?

Answer 5

acetyl CoA, (3) NAD+, FAD+, ADP

Question 6

what products are created from the krebs cycle?

Answer 6

coenzyme A, (3) NADH, FADH2, ATP, (2) CO2

Question 7

where is the pyruvate oxidation process located?

Answer 7

cytosol and mitochondrion

Question 8

what is released during pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 8

CO2

Question 9

where does the krebs cycle take place?

Answer 9

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 10

what is released into the intermembrane space during the krebs cycle?

Answer 10

hydrogen ions

Question 11

what is combined in the krebs cycle to create water?

Answer 11

(2) H+ + 1/2 O2

Question 12

what is combined in the krebs cycle to create NAD+?

Answer 12

NADH + H+

Question 13

what is combined in the krebs cycle to create ATP?

Answer 13

ADP + Pi

Question 14

what, and how many, is combined to create pyruvate?

Answer 14

(2) ATP -> (2) ADP + (2) Pi
(4) ADP + (4) Pi -> (4) ATP
(2) NAD+ -> (2) NADH + (2) H+

Question 15

what is combined in the mitochondrion during pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 15

NAD+ + NADH

Question 16

what is taken in during pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 16

coenzyme A

Question 17

where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

where does the krebs cycle occur?

Answer 18

the mitochondrial matrix

Question 19

what is the role of FADH2?

Answer 19

high energy electron carrier used to transport electrons made in glycolysis and krebs cycle to the ETC

Question 20

what is the role of NADH?

Answer 20

generating energy for the body

Question 21

where do hydrogen ions build up during cellular respiration and why?

Answer 21

the intermembrane space, they are pushed into the intermembrane space as electrons move through the ETC (creating a concentration gradient)

Question 22

why is the hydrogen build up so important during cellular respiration?

Answer 22

it is crucial to ATP synthesis and chemiosmosis (generating ATP)

Question 23

what does ATP synthase do during cellular respiration?

Answer 23

allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to convert ADP into ATP

Question 24

what do electrons do during glycolysis?

Answer 24

electrons combine with NAD+ to form NADH

Question 25

what do electrons do during the krebs cycle?

Answer 25

electron release from the breakdown of pyruvate is taken in by NAD+ and FAD to form NADH and FADH2

Question 26

what do electrons do in the ETC?

Answer 26

NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons into the inner mitochondrial membrane, where they enter the ETC where they lose energy

Question 27

what is electrons role in all of cellular respiration?

Answer 27

to generate energy by transferring through a series of reactions in the mitochondrial, creating ATP through chemiosmosis

Question 28

how do electrons get excited enough to move through the electron transport chain?

Answer 28

the sun excites the electrons

Question 29

how many NADH and FADH2 are needed to create ATP?

Answer 29

about 2 ATP each

Question 30

how many ATP does cellular respiration make theoretically?

Answer 30

38 ATP molecules

Question 31

what is fermentation (anaerobic)?

Answer 31

done by bacteria and eukaryotes in the absence of air to convert carbohydrates into the products like gases, alcohol, and acids

Question 32

what reactants are needed during anaerobic fermentation?

Answer 32

glucose, pyruvate, (2) ATP, (2) NADH

Question 33

how is lactic acid formed?

Answer 33

glucose is converted into pyruvate then takes and electron and hydrogen from (2) NADH to form lactic acid

Question 34

what is made during alcohol fermentation?

Answer 34

ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water