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bio 20 unit 1 > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, krebs cycle, ETC, and chemiosmosis

1
Q

what are the products created from glycolysis?

A

(2) ATP, (2) NADPH, (2) pyruvate

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2
Q

what are the reactants needed for glycolysis?

A

glucose, (2) ADP, (2) NADP+

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3
Q

what reactants are needed for pyruvate oxidation?

A

pyruvate, coenzyme A

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4
Q

what products are created from pyruvate oxidation?

A

NADH, acetyl CoA, CO2

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5
Q

what are the reactants needed for the krebs cycle?

A

acetyl CoA, (3) NAD+, FAD+, ADP

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6
Q

what products are created from the krebs cycle?

A

coenzyme A, (3) NADH, FADH2, ATP, (2) CO2

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7
Q

where is the pyruvate oxidation process located?

A

cytosol and mitochondrion

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8
Q

what is released during pyruvate oxidation?

A

CO2

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9
Q

where does the krebs cycle take place?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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10
Q

what is released into the intermembrane space during the krebs cycle?

A

hydrogen ions

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11
Q

what is combined in the krebs cycle to create water?

A

(2) H+ + 1/2 O2

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12
Q

what is combined in the krebs cycle to create NAD+?

A

NADH + H+

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13
Q

what is combined in the krebs cycle to create ATP?

A

ADP + Pi

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14
Q

what, and how many, is combined to create pyruvate?

A

(2) ATP -> (2) ADP + (2) Pi
(4) ADP + (4) Pi -> (4) ATP
(2) NAD+ -> (2) NADH + (2) H+

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15
Q

what is combined in the mitochondrion during pyruvate oxidation?

A

NAD+ + NADH

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16
Q

what is taken in during pyruvate oxidation?

A

coenzyme A

17
Q

where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm

18
Q

where does the krebs cycle occur?

A

the mitochondrial matrix

19
Q

what is the role of FADH2?

A

high energy electron carrier used to transport electrons made in glycolysis and krebs cycle to the ETC

20
Q

what is the role of NADH?

A

generating energy for the body

21
Q

where do hydrogen ions build up during cellular respiration and why?

A

the intermembrane space, they are pushed into the intermembrane space as electrons move through the ETC (creating a concentration gradient)

22
Q

why is the hydrogen build up so important during cellular respiration?

A

it is crucial to ATP synthesis and chemiosmosis (generating ATP)

23
Q

what does ATP synthase do during cellular respiration?

A

allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to convert ADP into ATP

24
Q

what do electrons do during glycolysis?

A

electrons combine with NAD+ to form NADH

25
Q

what do electrons do during the krebs cycle?

A

electron release from the breakdown of pyruvate is taken in by NAD+ and FAD to form NADH and FADH2

26
Q

what do electrons do in the ETC?

A

NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons into the inner mitochondrial membrane, where they enter the ETC where they lose energy

27
Q

what is electrons role in all of cellular respiration?

A

to generate energy by transferring through a series of reactions in the mitochondrial, creating ATP through chemiosmosis

28
Q

how do electrons get excited enough to move through the electron transport chain?

A

the sun excites the electrons

29
Q

how many NADH and FADH2 are needed to create ATP?

A

about 2 ATP each

30
Q

how many ATP does cellular respiration make theoretically?

A

38 ATP molecules

31
Q

what is fermentation (anaerobic)?

A

done by bacteria and eukaryotes in the absence of air to convert carbohydrates into the products like gases, alcohol, and acids

32
Q

what reactants are needed during anaerobic fermentation?

A

glucose, pyruvate, (2) ATP, (2) NADH

33
Q

how is lactic acid formed?

A

glucose is converted into pyruvate then takes and electron and hydrogen from (2) NADH to form lactic acid

34
Q

what is made during alcohol fermentation?

A

ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water

bio 20 unit 1 (7 decks)

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