Chapter 5

Question 1

Global warming

Answer 1

Increase in average global temperatures as a result of the release of increased amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

Question 2

Global climate change

Answer 2

Changes in regional patterns of temperate and precipitation that are occurring around Earth as a result of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Question 3

Greenhouse effect

Answer 3

The retention of heat in the atmosphere by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases

Question 4

Heat

Answer 4

The total amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a substance

Question 5

Temperature

Answer 5

A measure of the intensity of heat or kinetic energy

Question 6

Cohesion makes water resistant to ___ bc heat energy has to disrupt ____ first.

Answer 6

Temperate change, hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Amount of water on Earth helps temperatures moderate by….

Answer 7

Absorbing huge amounts of heat from the sun and releasing the heat during less-sunny times

Question 8

More carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to more _____________ trapped near Earth’s surface

Answer 8

Heat

Question 9

Fossil fuels

Answer 9

Nonrenewable resource consisting of buried remains of ancient plants that have been transformed by heat and pressure into coal and oil

Question 10

Carbon dioxide taken up by plants and algae is converted into _____________.

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

Fossil fuels include:

Answer 11

Oil, coal, natural gas

Question 12

Photosynthesis

Answer 12

Process by which plants, along with algae and some bacteria, transform light energy to chemical energy

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

An organelle found in plant cells that absorbs sunlight and uses the energy derived to produce sugars

Question 14

Stroma

Answer 14

The semi-fluid matrix inside a chloroplast where the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occurs

Question 15

Thylakoids

Answer 15

Flattened membranous sac located in the chloroplast stroma.

Question 16

Chlorophyll

Answer 16

Green pigment found in the chloroplast of plant cells

Question 17

Equation of photosynthesis

Answer 17

CO2 + H2O+ Light energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 18

Light reactions

Answer 18

Series of reactions that occur in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis and serve to convert energy from the sun into the energy stored in ATP. These reactions also produce oxygen gas

Question 19

Light-independent reactions

Answer 19

A series of reactions that occur in the chloroplast during photosynthesis and that utilize NADPH and ATP to reduce CO2 and produce sugars

Question 20

Rubisco

Answer 20

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

Question 21

Stomata

Answer 21

Tiny openings on leaves

Question 22

Guard cells

Answer 22

Surround the stomata

Question 23

Transpiration

Answer 23

Movement of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant, powered by evaporation of water at the leaves and cohesive and adhesive properties of water

Question 24

Photorespiration

Answer 24

A series of reactions triggered by the closing of stomata openings to prevent water loss

Question 25

Two mechanisms that reduce photorespiration are

Answer 25

C4 and CAM photosynthesis

Question 26

C4

Answer 26

Additional pathways that concentrate CO2 in the plant occurs before the light-independent reactions

Question 27

CAM

Answer 27

Capture CO2 during the night when temperatures are cooler and happen before the light-independent reactions

Question 28

As Earth warms, ___ and ___ plants will increase and ___ will decrease.

Answer 28

C4 and CAM, C3

Question 29

Chlorophyll is good at absorbing ___ and ___ light and reflects ____ light.

Answer 29

Blue and red, green

Question 30

Light reactions happen int the…

Answer 30

Thylakoid

Question 31

In light dependent reactions, ___ is absolved and ___ is split.

Answer 31

Light, water

Question 32

Light independent reactions happen in the ___

Answer 32

Stroma

Question 33

Light dependent reactions produce

Answer 33

ATP and NADPH

Question 34

Light independent reactions use ___, ____, and ____ to make ____.

Answer 34

CO2, ATP, and NADPH, glucose