Chapter 7

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

Specialized sex cells that contains half as many chromosomes as other body cells and is therefore haploid.

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

Process that diploid sex cells undergo to produce haploid daughter cells. Offers after gametogenesis.

Question 3

Gemetogenesis

Answer 3

The production and maturation of gametes

Question 4

Gonads

Answer 4

Sex organs

Question 5

Homologous pair

Answer 5

Set of two chromosomes of the same size and shape with centromeres in the same position. These carry the same genes in the same locations but may carry different alleles.

Question 6

Alleles

Answer 6

Alternate versions of the same gene, produced by mutations

Question 7

Autosomes

Answer 7

Any chromosome not involved in sex determination. Chromosomes 1-22 are autosomes. The X and Y chromosomes are not.

Question 8

Men

Answer 8

X and Y

Question 9

Women

Answer 9

X and X

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

Describes cells containing only one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes; in humans, these cells are eggs and sperm

Question 11

Zygote

Answer 11

Single cell resulting from the fusion of gametes

Question 12

Diploid

Answer 12

A cell containing homologous pairs of chromosomes

Question 13

Meiosis I separates ____ from each other.

Answer 13

Homologous pairs

Question 14

Meiosis II separates ____ from each other.

Answer 14

Sister chromatid

Question 15

Crossing over

Answer 15

Gene for gene exchange of genetic information between members of a homologous pair of chromosomes

Question 16

Crossing over happens in

Answer 16

Prophase I

Question 17

Random alignment

Answer 17

When members of a homologous pair line up randomly with respect to maternal or paternal origin during metaphase I of meiosis, thus increasing the genetic diversity of offspring

Question 18

Random alignment happens during…

Answer 18

Metaphase I

Question 19

Nondisjunction

Answer 19

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

Question 20

Glans penis

Answer 20

The head of the penis

Question 21

Scrotum

Answer 21

Pouch of skin that houses the testes

Question 22

Testicles

Answer 22

The paired male gonads, involved in gametogenesis and secretion of reproductive hormones

Question 23

Androgens

Answer 23

A masculinities hormones, such as testosterone, secreted by the adrenal glands

Question 24

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 24

Highly coiled tube in the testicles where sperm are formed

Question 25

Spermatogenesis

Answer 25

Production of sperm; happens when cells lining the tubules first duplicate by mitosis then the daughter cells produced undergo meiosis

Question 26

Mature sperm cell has

Answer 26

Small oval head with DNA, mid piece with mitochondria, and a tail

Question 27

Sperm path

Answer 27

Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas defers

Question 28

Epididymis

Answer 28

A coiled tube located adjacent to the testes where sperm are stored

Question 29

Vas deferens

Answer 29

Either of the two ducts in males that carry sperm from the epididdymis to the urethra

Question 30

Seminal vesicles

Answer 30

Either of two pouch like glands located on both sides of the bladder that adds a fructose-rich fluid to semen prior to ejaculation

Question 31

Prostate

Answer 31

A gland that secrets and acid-neutralizing fluid into semen

Question 32

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 32

Either of the two glands at the base of the penis that secrete acid-neutralizing fluids into semen

Question 33

Semen

Answer 33

Sperm and energy0rich associate fluids

Question 34

Vulva

Answer 34

The outer portion of the female external gentalia including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vaginal and urethral openings

Question 35

Vulva

Answer 35

The outer portion of the female external gentalia including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vaginal and urethral openings

Question 36

Labia majora

Answer 36

Outside lips

Question 37

Labia minora

Answer 37

Inside lips

Question 38

Clitoris

Answer 38

Sensitive erectile tissue found in the external genitalia of females that functions in sexual arousal

Question 39

Ovaries

Answer 39

Secret estrogen and progesterone and produce egg cells

Question 40

Oogenesis

Answer 40

Formation and development of female gametes, which occurs in the ovaries and results in the production of egg cells

Question 41

Corpus luteum

Answer 41

Hormone producing tissue that makes progesterone and estrogen and degenerates about 12 days after ovulation if fertilization does not occur

Question 42

Oviducts

Answer 42

Egg-carrying duct that brings eggs cells from ovaries to uterus

Question 43

Endometrium

Answer 43

Lining of the uterus, shed during menstruation

Question 44

Cervix

Answer 44

Lower narrow portion of the uterus at the top end of the vagina

Question 45

Vagina

Answer 45

Muscular canal in females leading from the cervix to the vulva