Chapter 6 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Mitosis
The division of the nucleus that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Also, portion of the cell cycle in which DNA is apportioned into two daughter cells
Metastasis
When cells from a tumor break away and start new cancers at distant locations
Risk factors
Inherited cancer risk, environmental exposures
Syngeristic
The creation of a whole that is greater than the same of the parts; ex: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have a far greater effect on cancer risk than the sum of each separate risk factor combined
Asexual reproduction
A type of reproduction in which one parent gives rise to genetically identical offspring
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction involving two parents that gives rise to offspring that have unique combinations for genes
Sister chromatids
Either of the two duplicated, identical copies of a chromosome formed after DNA synthesis
Centromere
Region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are attached and to which microtubles bind
Semiconservative replication
DNA replication results in the production of two daughter DNA molecules, each with one conserved and one new strand of DNA
DNA polymerase
Enzyme that facilitates base parings during DNA synthesis
The MLH1 gene codes for proteins that fix _________ base pairs in newly replicated DNA
Mismatched
Somatic cells
Any of the body cells in an organism, except gametes
Interphase
Part of the cell cycle when a cell is preparing for division and the DNA is duplicated. Consists of G1, S, and G2
Mitosis
When copied chromosomes split and move into the daughter nuclei
Cytokinesis
When the cytoplasm of the parent cell splits
Normal cell spends most of its time in ____
Interphase
G1 phase
Most of the cell’s organelles duplicate
S phase
DNA composing the chromosomes replicate
G2
Cell continues to grow and prepares for the div ion of chromosomes in mitosis
Prophase
Replicated chromosomes condense and microtubles form, nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase
Replicated chromosomes are aligned across the equator
Anaphase
Centromere splits and the microtubles shorten to pull each sister chromatid of a chromosome to opposite sides
Telophase
Nuclear envelopes reform
Checkpoints
G1 and G2
