Chapter 5

Question 0

Perception

Answer 0

The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensation

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Detecting physical energy from our environment and encoding it as neural signals

Question 2

Bottom Up Processing

Answer 2

Starts at the entry level

Sensation

Question 3

Top Down Processing

Answer 3

Starts in your higher level processing areas
Shaped by our experiences and expectations
Perception

Question 4

Prosopagnosia

Answer 4

Complete sensation but incomplete perception

Can’t recognize faces but can see them

Question 5

Psychophysics

Answer 5

The study of how energy relates to our experiences

The intensity and stimuli that we can detect

Question 6

Absolute Threshold

Answer 6

The minimum stimuli required to detect light sound pressure taste or order 50% of the time

Question 7

Signal Detection Theory

Answer 7

Predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation

Question 8

Subliminal

Answer 8

Stimuli below the threshold

We can unconsciously sense it

Question 9

Priming

Answer 9

The activation (often unconscious) of certain associations influencing someone’s memory perception or response

Question 10

Difference Threshold (Just Noticeable Difference)

Answer 10

The minimum difference a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time

Question 11

Weber’s Law

Answer 11

The difference threshold is not a constant amount but a constant proportion to the stimuli

Question 12

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 12

Our diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimuli

Our nerve cells fire less constantly after constant exposure

Question 13

Transduction

Answer 13

The process in which our sensory system encodes energy as a neural message

Question 14

Wavelength

Answer 14

The distance from one wave peak to the next

Question 15

Hue

Answer 15

The colors we see

Determined by the wavelength

Question 16

Intensity

Answer 16

The brightness of the image we see

Determined by the amplitude (height) of the wave

Question 17

Pupil

Answer 17

The small adjustable opening in the eye

Question 18

Cornea

Answer 18

Protects the eye

The outermost part of the eye

Question 19

Iris

Answer 19

The colored muscle that determine how much light the pupil lets into your eye

Question 20

Lens

Answer 20

The curved, flexible muscle in our eye that focuses light

Question 21

Accommodation

Answer 21

Changing of shape

The lens changes shape to focus light

Question 22

Retina

Answer 22

The inner surface of the eye

Contains receptor cells and neurons that begin visual processing

Question 23

Acuity

Answer 23

The sharpness of your vision

Question 24

Rods

Answer 24

In peripheral vision

Question 25

Cones

Answer 25

Allow us to perceive color | In the center of the retina

Question 26

The Retina's Reaction to Light

Answer 26

Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve, thalamus, visual cortex

Question 27

Fovea

Answer 27

The central focal point of the retina

Question 28

Optic Nerve

Answer 28

Ganglion cells linked together by the axons that carry info to the thalamus

Question 29

Blind Spot

Answer 29

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Question 30

Feature Detectors

Answer 30

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to different features in a stimulus like movement, shape, and angle

Question 31

Parallel Processing

Answer 31

The processing of many aspects of sight at the same time- form, color, motion, and depth

Question 32

Blindsight

Answer 32

Blindness in part of the field of vision due to destruction of the visual cortex

Question 33

Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

Answer 33

The retina has 3 color receptors that are sensitive to a different color

Question 34

Opponent Process Theory

Answer 34

Opposing retinal processes enable color vision | Red & Green, Blue & Yellow, Black & White

Question 35

Color Constancy

Answer 35

The color of familiar objects stays constant to us even if the lighting changes

Question 36

Audition

Answer 36

Hearing

Question 37

Frequency

Answer 37

The length of sound waves

Question 38

Pitch

Answer 38

Depends on the frequency Short waves = High pitch Long Waves = Low pitch

Question 39

Middle Ear

Answer 39

Transmit the eardrums vibrations through the hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Question 40

Cochlea

Answer 40

The spiral shaped tube in the inner ear where sound waves trigger neural impulses

Question 41

Inner Ear

Answer 41

The innermost part of the ear with the cochlea, semicircular canals, and the vestibular sacs

Question 42

Place Theory

Answer 42

We hear different pitches because different places in the cochlea are stimulated

Question 43

Frequency Theory

Answer 43

The rate that neural impulses travel up the auditory nerve

Question 44

Conduction Hearing Loss

Answer 44

Problems with the mechanical system of the ear and how it conducts sound waves

Question 45

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 45

Nerve Deafness | Damage to the cochlea's receptors

Question 46

Cochlear Implant

Answer 46

Transmits sounds into electrical single wired to the chocolate nerve that help relay some sound info to the brain

Question 47

Gate Control Theory

Answer 47

A neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to go to the brain

Question 48

Sensory Interaction

Answer 48

The principle that one sense influences another

Question 49

McGurk Effect

Answer 49

If we see someone speak one syllable and hear someone say another syllable we perceive a whole other syllable

Question 50

Olfaction

Answer 50

The experiencing of smell

Question 51

Synesthesia

Answer 51

Where one sense produces another

Question 52

Kinesthis

Answer 52

The system for sensing body position and movement of individual body parts

Question 53

Vestibular Sense

Answer 53

Sensing body position and movement including balance