Chapter 8

Question 0

Associative Learning

Answer 0

Linking 2 events that occurs closely to each other together

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior caused by experience

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

When we learn to link 2 stimuli together and anticipate the following events

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

The idea that psychology should be studied with an objective behavior & with out reference to mental process

Question 4

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 4

Classical Conditioning Experiments

Question 5

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 5

A stimulus that naturally or automatically triggers a response

Question 6

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 6

The naturally occurring response to an US

Question 7

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 7

A stimulus that does not produce a response

Question 8

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 8

An orang ally irrelevant stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with an US

Question 9

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 9

The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Question 10

Acquisition

Answer 10

The initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship

Question 11

Extinction

Answer 11

The diminishing response that occurs when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 12

The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a pause

Question 13

Generalization

Answer 13

Responding to similar stimuli to the actual CS

Question 14

Discrimination

Answer 14

The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and an irrelevant stimulus

Question 15

John Garcia

Answer 15

Taste Aversion

Question 16

Taste Aversion

Answer 16

If you become sick while eating something, the smell with make you nauseous after that experience

Question 17

Operant Conditioning

Answer 17

Voluntary- We associate our behaviors with consequences

Question 18

Resplendent Behavior

Answer 18

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus

Question 19

Operant Behavior

Answer 19

Behavior that operates on the environment producing consequences

Question 20

B. F. Skinner

Answer 20

Behaviorism

Operant Chamber/ Skinner’s Box

Question 21

Law of Effect

Answer 21

Rewarded behavior is likely to recur

Question 22

Edward Thorndike

Answer 22

Law of Effect

Cat in the puzzle box

Question 23

Shaping

Answer 23

Operant conditioning procedure where reinforcements are rewarded each step to guide behavior closer and closer to the desired behavior

Question 24

Successive Approximation

Answer 24

Rewarding behavior that is closer and closer to the desired behavior

Question 25

Posits Reinforcements

Answer 25

Increases behavior by presenting a positive stimulus

Question 26

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 26

Increases behavior by taking away an adverse stimulus

Question 27

Primary Reinforcers

Answer 27

The reinforcer that satisfies a biological need

Question 28

Conditioned (secondary) Reinforcers

Answer 28

The reinforcer that has been paired with a primary reinforcer and acquires a value

Question 29

Positive Punishment

Answer 29

Decreasing the likelihood that a behavior will recur by adding an adverse stimulus

Question 30

Negative Punishment

Answer 30

Decreasing the likelihood a behavior will recur by taking away something good

Question 31

Continuous Reinforcement

Answer 31

Every time the desired behavior occurs it is rewarded

Question 32

Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement

Answer 32

Rewards are given intermittently | Learning takes longer but is more stable

Question 33

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

Answer 33

Predictable and based on behavior

Question 34

Variable-Ratio Schedule

Answer 34

Unpredictable and based on behavior

Question 35

Fixed-Interval Schedule

Answer 35

Predictable and based on time

Question 36

Variable-Interval Schedule

Answer 36

Unpredictable and time based

Question 37

Latent Learning

Answer 37

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until you have to use it later

Question 38

Observational Learning

Answer 38

Learning by observing others