Chapter 5 Flashcards by Erin Hilgers

stem cells

cells that have the ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells

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somatic cell

body cells, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells

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homeostasis

the constant internal enviornment that is naturally maintained by the body

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ana-

upward, excessive or again

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-plasia

development or formation of tissue

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anaplasia

a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form

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ventral

belly side

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lateral

towards the back

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proximal

nearer to the origin or point of attachment

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cephalad

toward the head

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caudad

toward the tail or in an inferior direction in humans

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frontal plane

divides the body into front and back portions

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transverse plane

divides the body into upper and lower portions

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sagittal plane

divides the body into right and left sides

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midsagittal plane

divides the body into two equal halves

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caudal

pertaining to the tail

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prone

faced downward

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pronation (of the arm)

rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward

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supination

rotation of a joint that allows the hand or foot to turn upward

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recumbent

lying down

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ambulant

a person who is able to walk

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viscera

large organs contained in the ventral cavity

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peritoneum

a membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and enfolds the internal organs

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torso

chest, abdomen, and pelvis

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abdomin/o

abdomen

acr/o

extremities

blephar/o

eyelid

cyst/o

cyst, bladder, or sac

dactyl/o

digit

lapar/o

abdominal wall

omphal/o, umbilic/o

umbilicus (navel)

onych/o

nail

pelv/i

pelvis

periton/o

peritoneum

som/a, somat/o

body

thorac/o

chest (thorax)

abdomen

portion of the body trunk that is located between the chest and the pelvis

paracentesis

a surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids from the abdmonial cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

palmar

pertaining to the palm

chiropody

pertaining to the hands and feet

onychophagist

habitually bites the nails

interstitial fluid

fills the spaces between most of the cells of the body

edema

accumulation of fluid in the interstitial compartment

crin/o, -crine

serete

dacry/o, lacrim/o

tear, tearing, crying

-emia

condition of the blood

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

hidr/o

sweat or perspiration

hydr/o

water

lymph/o

lymph (or lymphatics)

muc/o

mucus

-poiesis

production

-poietin

substance that causes production

py/o

pus

sial/o

saliva (or salivary glands)

ur/o

urine (or urinary tract)

dacryocyst

tear sac

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands

diaphoresis

excessive sweating

endocrine glands

ductless glands

purulent

producing or containing pus

coagul/o

coagulation

thromb/o

clot (thrombosis)

-osis

generally, "increased" or "abnormal" when describing cellular components

-penia

deficiency

centrifuge

where treated blood is spun

hematoma

localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, tissue, or space, resulting from a break in the wall of a blood vessel

coagulation

clotting

thombosis

formation of internal blood clots

thrombocytes

blood platelets

pallor

paleness

leukocytosis

an abnormal increase in the total number of WBC's

leukemia

progressive, malignant disease of the blood forming organs

susceptibility

being vulnerable to a disease or disorder

resistance

the body's natural ability to counteract microorganisms or toxins

interferon

a cell-produced protien that protects the cells from viral infection

complement

a protein that not only promotes inflammation and phagocytosis, but also causes bacterial cells to rupture

immunity

the body's ability to counteract the effects of infectious organisms

antigen

any substance the body regards as foreign

immunization

process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented

vaccination

the administration of antigenetic material to induce immunity

hypersensitivity

excessive reaction to an antigen

pathogen

a microorganism that is capable of causing or producing a disease

virus

a minute microorganism hat replicates only within a cell of a living plant or animal

bacteria

classified according to shape

fungi

microorganisms that feed by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings

protozoa

the simplest organisms of the animal kingdom

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(88 cards)