chapter 5

Question 1

hunting and gathering was the only mode of socio-economic production that lasted long enough for us to

Answer 1

evolve to it

Question 2

the form of agriculture that takes advantage of the large number of seeds that seed plants produce is

Answer 2

horticulture

Question 3

much of the material evidence of the ancient worship of female fertility takes the form of

Answer 3

goddess figurines (Laussell)

Question 4

the form of agriculture that focuses on raising animals for food is

Answer 4

pastoral

Question 5

the name of the estate in the numerical majority in feudalism is the

Answer 5

serfs

Question 6

the necessity that the land be defended once agriculture has taken root we refer to as

Answer 6

territorial imperative

Question 7

the means of production of industry is

Answer 7

machines and factories

Question 8

the means of accumulation of wealth for the nobility was

Answer 8

taxation

Question 9

the means of production of agriculture is

Answer 9

land

Question 10

the first domesticated animal was a

Answer 10

dog

Question 11

the type of leadership that focuses on achievement of specific outcomes is

Answer 11

instrumental

Question 12

the two solid factors that contribute to the fertility of soil are

Answer 12

organic & mineral

Question 13

the smallest group that can have a coalition is a

Answer 13

triad

Question 14

a functional feature likely to develop in a triad is (2)

Answer 14

division of labor OR coalition

Question 15

the group that is the smallest likely to need leadership in general is a

Answer 15

quartet

Question 16

the style of leadership that sociological research has found most often endures is

Answer 16

democratic/participatory

Question 17

the type of leadership that focuses on enhancing group communications is

Answer 17

expressive

Question 18

the style of leadership that is most effective with scientists is

Answer 18

laissez-faire

Question 19

system of social development that recognizes the central role of territory and ability to defend territory

Answer 19

feudalism

Question 20

trading centers

Answer 20

emergence in between futile states, not under aristocracy’s control

Question 21

duration of hunting & gathering

Answer 21

400,000 years

Question 22

means & social organization of:
Hunting & gathering
agriculture
industry

Answer 22

spears & baskets / bands
land / feudalism
machines & factories / class system

Question 23

an individual who leads by giving orders

Answer 23

authoritarian leader

Question 24

smallest possible group

Answer 24

dyad

Question 25

a group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves

Answer 25

reference group

Question 26

groups toward which people feel loyalty

Answer 26

in-groups

Question 27

groups toward which people feel antagonism

Answer 27

out-groups

Question 28

a group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association

Answer 28

primary group

Question 29

a larger, relatively temporary, impersonal group based on some interest or activity

Answer 29

secondary group