Chapter 5

Question 1

What is a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light i the form of either a glow or a flame?

Answer 1

Combustion

Question 2

What is a rapid oxidation process which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities?

Answer 2

Fire

Question 3

What is a form of energy characterized by the vibration of molecules and is capable of initiating and supporting chemical changes and changes in state?

Answer 3

Heat

Question 4

What is the measure of a materials ability to transfer heat energy to other objects?

Answer 4

Temperature

Question 5

What is a material that will main combustion under specified environmental conditions?

Answer 5

Fuel

Question 6

What is any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible material?

Answer 6

Oxidizer

Question 7

What is potential energy?

Answer 7

stored energy possessed by an object that can be released in the future to perform work once released

Question 8

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 8

the energy possessed by a body because of its motion

Question 9

What is defined in terms of mechanical energy? It is equal to the energy expanded in applying a force of one newton through a distance of one meter.

Answer 9

Joules

Question 10

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 10

chemical reaction that releases thermal energy or heat

Question 11

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 11

chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy or heat

Question 12

What is pyrolysis?

Answer 12

the chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating. Pyrolysis often precedes combustion

Question 13

What is the physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state?

Answer 13

Vaporization

Question 14

What is ignition?

Answer 14

the process of initiation self-sustained combustion

Question 15

What are the two forms of ignition?

Answer 15

piloted ignition and autoignition (non piloted)

Question 16

What is the moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction?

Answer 16

Piloted ignition

Question 17

What is the initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame

Answer 17

autoignition

Question 18

What is the autoignition temperature?

Answer 18

the minimum temperature to which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion. The autoignition temperature of a substance is always higher than its piloted ignition temperature

Question 19

What is a visible, luminous body of a burning gas emitting radiant energy including light of various colors given off by burning gases or vapors during the combustion process?

Answer 19

Flame

Question 20

What is the fire triangle?

Answer 20

a model used to explain the three elements necessary for combustion (heat fuel and oxygen)

Question 21

What is the fire tetrahedron?

Answer 21

model of four elements required for a fire. the four sides represent fuel, heat, oxygen, and self-sustaining chemical chain reaction

Question 22

What are materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the combustion process/

Answer 22

Passive agent

Question 23

What causes the most fire deaths?

Answer 23

toxic smoke

Question 24

What is a colorless, odorless, dangerous (both toxic and flammable) gas formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon? It combines with hemoglobin more than 200 times fast than oxygen does

Answer 24

Carbon monoxide

Question 25

What is a colorless toxic and flammable liquid until it reaches 79 degrees F? Above that temperature it becomes a gas with a faint odor similar to bitter almonds

Answer 25

hydrogen cyanide

Question 26

What is a colorless odorless heavier than air gas that neither supports combustion nor burns? This is used in portable fire extinguishers as an extinguishing agent to extinguish class B or C fires by smothering or displacing oxygen.

Answer 26

carbon dioxide

Question 27

What is the kinetic energy associated with the random motions of the molecules of a material or object? This is often used interchangeable with the terms heat and heat energy

Answer 27

Thermal energy

Question 28

What is the measurement of heat?

Answer 28

Temperature

Question 29

What form of oxidation is a chemical reaction that increases the temperature of a material without the addition of external heat?

Answer 29

Self-heating

Question 30

What is the initiation of combustion of a material by an internal chemical or biological reaction that has produced sufficient heat to ignite the material?

Answer 30

Spontaneous ignition

Question 31

What is the measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface, expressed in kilowatts?

Answer 31

Heat flux

Question 32

What is the transfer of heat through or between solids that are in direct contact?

Answer 32

Conduction

Question 33

What is heat transfer by circulate within a medium such as a gas or a liquid?

Answer 33

Convection

Question 34

What is heat transfer by way of electromagnetic energy?

Answer 34

Radiation

Question 35

What are the three mechanisms in which heat can by transferred from one body to another?

Answer 35

conduction, convection, and radiation

Question 36

What is the tendency or capacity to remain afloat in a liquid or rise in air or gas?

Answer 36

Buoyant

Question 37

What is the upper layer of hot smoke?

Answer 37

a buoyant later of hot gases and smoke produced by a fire in a compartment

Question 38

What is the fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion?

Answer 38

reducing agent

Question 39

What is heat of combustion?

Answer 39

total amount of thermal energy that could be generated by the combustion reaction if a fuel were completely burned

Question 40

What is the Heat Release Rate (HRR)

Answer 40

total amount of heat released per unit time

Question 41

What is a unit of measure of power or rate or work equal to one joule per second?

Answer 41

Watt

Question 42

What is the common term used to describe the gaseous state of a fuel that would normally exist as a liquid or solid at standard temperature and pressure?

Answer 42

Vapor

Question 43

What is the rate at which energy is being transferred over time?

Answer 43

Power

Question 44

What describes the density of gases in relation to air?

Answer 44

Vapor density

Question 45

What is the vapor density of air?

Answer 45

1

Question 46

What is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid compared with the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature?

Answer 46

Specific gravity

Question 47

What is the specific gravity of water?

Answer 47

1

Question 48

What will flammable liquids do on waters surface? Why?

Answer 48

Float bc the specific gravity is less than one

Question 49

What is the pressure that vapor's escaping from a liquid exert?

Answer 49

vapor pressure

Question 50

What is the measure of the tendency of a substance to evaporate?

Answer 50

vapor pressure

Question 51

What is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor's to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquids surface?

Answer 51

flash point

Question 52

What is the temperature at which sufficient vapor's are being generated to sustain the combustion reaction?

Answer 52

Fire point

Question 53

What does miscible mean?

Answer 53

materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions

Question 54

What are hydrocarbon fuels?

Answer 54

petroleum-based organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon (ex. gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil)

Question 55

What are polar solvents?

Answer 55

flammable liquids that have an attraction for water (ex. alcohol, ketone, methanol, ethanol)

Question 56

What is the flammable (explosive) range?

Answer 56

the range between the upper flammable limit and lower flammable limit in which a substance can be ignited

Question 57

What are free radicals?

Answer 57

molecular fragments that highly reactive