Chapter 5

Question 1

The largest system of the body? What percent of body weight?

Answer 1

The integumentary system (1.5 to 2m squared in area). 16% of body weight.

Question 2

2 parts that make up the Integumentary system.

Answer 2

Cutaneous Membrane (skin). Accessory Structures.

Question 3

Two components of the Cutaneous Membrane.

Answer 3

The epidermis and the dermis.

Question 4

Most superficial part of the integumentary system.

Answer 4

The epidermis.

Question 5

Avascular part of the cutaneous membrane.

Answer 5

The epidermis.

Question 6

How do cells of the epidermis survive?

Answer 6

By diffusion through blood in dermis.

Question 7

Two layers of the Dermis

Answer 7

Papillary. Reticular.

Question 8

Outer epidermis consists of ______ ________ epithelium.

Answer 8

Stratified Squamous.

Question 9

Inner dermis is made up of __________.

Answer 9

Connective tissues.

Question 10

The layer of the skin that anchors the Epidermis and Dermis to underlying structures.

Answer 10

Subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer.

Question 11

Where does Keratinization begin?

Answer 11

Begins in the Stratum Granulosum.

Question 12

________ is deposited into cells and causes them to change shape as they move closer to the surface.

Answer 12

Keratin.

Question 13

Thin skin consists of how many strata?

Answer 13

4.

Question 14

Thick skin consists of how many strata?

Answer 14

5.

Question 15

Most of body has how many layers of epidermis?

Answer 15

4.

Question 16

Parts of body thick skin is found on?

Answer 16

Sole of feet and Palm of hand.

Question 17

How many layers in the dermis?

Answer 17

2 layers.

Question 18

What anchors the epidermal accessory structures?

Answer 18

The Dermis.

Question 19

2 components of the dermis?

Answer 19

Outer papillary layer. Deep reticular layer.

Question 20

Subcutaneous layer is also called the ________

Answer 20

Hypodermis

Question 21

Loosely anchors the skin to underlying structures.

Answer 21

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Question 22

2 types of tissue that make up the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Answer 22

Aerolar tissue.

Adipose tissue.

Question 23

Skin color depends on….

Answer 23

Carotene.

Melanin.

Blood circulation (red cells).

Question 24

Protects against UV sun radiation?

Answer 24

Melanin.

Question 25

Monocytes in Epidermis secrete what?

Answer 25

Melanin.

Question 26

What protects the nuclei of skin cells?

Answer 26

Melanin.

Question 27

5 integumentary Accessory structures?

Answer 27

Hair. Hair Follicles. Sebaceous Glands. Sweat Glands. Nails.

Question 28

Where are the integumentary accessory structures located? Where do they project?

Answer 28

The dermis. Project through skin surface.

Question 29

Functions of Hair? (4)

Answer 29

Throughout history has protected us from insects invading body by being sensitive to touch. Protects and insulates. Guards openings against particles and insects.

Question 30

Hair Follicle, (3 features)

Answer 30

Located deep in dermis. Wrapped in a dense connective tissue sheath. Base is surrounded by sensory nerves (root hair plexus).

Question 31

Arrector pili muscle is what type of muscle tissue?

Answer 31

Smooth.

Question 32

2 things that the arrector pili does?

Answer 32

causes hairs to stand up. Produces goose bumps.

Question 33

2 functions of the subaceous glands.

Answer 33

Lubricate the hair. Control bacteria.

Question 34

2 features of the sebaceous glands.

Answer 34

Holocrine glands. Secrete sebum.

Question 35

2 features of sweat glands.

Answer 35

Merocrine glands. Watery secretions.

Question 36

3 characteristics of Sebum.

Answer 36

Contains lipids and other ingredients. Lubricates and protects the epidermis. Inhibits bacteria.

Question 37

Two types of sweat glands.

Answer 37

Apocrine. Merocrine.

Question 38

Where are Apocrine sweat glands found?

Answer 38

Armpits, around nipples, and groin.

Question 39

Where are merocrine glands found?

Answer 39

Widely distributed on body surface, especially palms and soles.

Question 40

2 types of perspiration.

Answer 40

Insensible. Sensible.

Question 41

Insensible perspiration?

Answer 41

Interstitial fluid lost by evaporation through the epidermis.

Question 42

Sensible Perspiration?

Answer 42

Water excreted by sweat glands.

Question 43

Main function of mammary glands?

Answer 43

Produce milk.

Question 44

2 functions of the Ceruminous glands?

Answer 44

Protect the eardrum. Produce Cerumen (earwax).

Question 45

Nail Functions?

Answer 45

Protect fingers and toes.

Question 46

What are nails made of?

Answer 46

Dead cells packed with keratin.

Question 47

What can change nail structure?

Answer 47

Metabolic disorders.

Question 48

4 functions of skin?

Answer 48

Protects underlying tissues and organs. Sensory reception. Maintains body temperature (insulation and evaporation) Synthesis of Vitamin D.

Question 49

First degree burns. Where's damage? How long for regeneration?

Answer 49

Damage to epidermis only. Regeneration in a few days.

Question 50

Second Degree burns. Where's damage? Regeneration length?

Answer 50

Damage to epidermis and part of dermis. Heals within 2-4 weeks, possible scarring.

Question 51

What makes third degree burns possibly fatal?

Answer 51

Infection and Dehydration.

Question 52

6 effects of aging?

Answer 52

Epidermal thinning. Loss of elastic fibers. Decreased Vitamin D production. Decreased Melanocyte activity. Decreased glandular activity (sweat and oil glands). Loss of collagen fibers.