Chapter 5: Energy Balance And Metabolism

Question 1

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

The energy currency of life.

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

The ability to do work.

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Chemical process occurring within the body to convert food to energy.

Question 4

What molecules’ bond is broken during the usage of ATP that results in an ADP molecule and the release of free energy to drive muscle contractions?

Answer 4

Phosphate

Question 5

Lipolysis

Answer 5

The biological process of breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 6

Glycogenolysis

Answer 6

The process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways.

Question 7

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 7

A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids.

Question 8

Lipogenesis

Answer 8

The biological process of combining free fatty acids with glycerol to form triglycerides.

Question 9

Roughly what percentage of daily energy expenditure comes from the thermic effect of activity (TEA)?

Answer 9

15-30%

Question 10

Which component of energy expenditure represents the easiest way to increase total daily caloric expenditure for individuals focused on reducing body fat?

Answer 10

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the pancreas and helps to either usher glucose into cells or store it as glycogen when blood sugar levels are high?

Answer 11

Insulin

Question 12

Which hormone is produced by adipose cells and helps stimulate satiety?

Answer 12

Leptin

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

The first step of carbohydrate metabolism, an anaerobic pathway, that breaks glucose or glycogen down to pyruvate.

Question 14

What is the time frame for the energy system ATP-PC?

Answer 14

Up to 10-15 seconds

Question 15

What is the time frame for the energy system Glycolysis?

Answer 15

10 seconds to 2 minutes

Question 16

What is the time frame for the energy system Aerobic?

Answer 16

2 minutes and up

Question 17

When there is not enough oxygen available, what is pyruvate converted to instead of being used aerobically within the mitochondria?

Answer 17

Lactic Acid

Question 18

How much total ATP can be created by the complete anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose?

Answer 18

36 molecules

Question 19

Energy expended during walking at work, typing, walking to and from meetings, and fidgeting is referred to as which of the following?

Answer 19

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Question 20

Which category includes glucose (sugar), starches, and non-digestible cellulose?

Answer 20

Carbohydrates

Question 21

What is the process of generating energy from the food we eat?

Answer 21

Metabolism

Question 22

What are shorter sleep cycles associated with?

Answer 22

Weight gain

Question 23

Calories (energy) in versus calories (energy) out is an example of what principle?

Answer 23

The first law of thermodynamics

Question 24

The basic energy need of an average human being is approximately how many Calories?

Answer 24

2000

Question 25

What foods tend to have a higher thermic response than others?

Answer 25

High-protein foods

Question 26

What is the autoimmune disorder that leads to damage in the small intestine when gluten products are consumed?

Answer 26

Celiac disease

Question 27

Energy utilized for immediate work is known as which of the following?

Answer 27

Kinetic

Question 28

Which of the following is best described as the energy consumed for fuel to support and maintain normal body functions like temperature regulation?

Answer 28

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Question 29

ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?

Answer 29

Three

Question 30

Which hormone is referred to as the hunger hormone because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage?

Answer 30

Ghrelin

Question 31

What is the end-result of inadequate rest?

Answer 31

Reduced RMR

Question 32

What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food?

Answer 32

10%

Question 33

The increase in energy expenditure after consuming a meal is referred to as which of the following?

Answer 33

Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)